RESUMO -O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade do leite pasteurizado produzido em Palotina -PR, comparando-se os resultados com os padrões da legislação nacional vigente, através de análises microbiológicas e físico-químicas. Foram coletadas aleatoriamente, 40 amostras de leites pasteurizados de diversos estabelecimentos comerciais de Palotina(PR). Deste total 16 amostras foram da marca X (08 tipo B e 08 desnatados, com inspeção estadual -SIP), 16 amostras da marca Y (08 tipo C e 08 desnatados com inspeção federal -SIF) e 08 amostras da marca Z (tipo C com inspeção federal -SIF). Após a coleta, as amostras foram enviadas imediatamente ao Laboratório de Controle Microbiológico de Água e Alimentos -LACOMA, da UFPR -Campus Palotina e estocadas em geladeira por um período máximo de 1 hora até o início das análises. Os resultados demonstraram que o produto estava dentro dos padrões aceitáveis para a contagem de mesófilos, psicrotróficos e coliformes fecais. Foi encontrado elevado percentual de amostras de leite peroxidase negativa (12 amostras -30%). Foi possível identificar 07 leites aguados, 05 suspeitos de aguagem, 01 com desnate parcial e 01 suspeito de desnate. Com os resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que as três marcas de leite comercializadas em Palotina apresentaram-se dentro dos padrões microbiológicos o que pode estar relacionado ao alto percentual de superaquecimento e que os resultados físico-químicos foram, de forma geral, insatisfatórios.Palavras chave: leite pasteurizado; avaliação microbiológica; avaliação físico-química.ABSTRACT -A survey has been carried out by means of microbiological and physical chemistry methods on the quality of pasteurized samples of milk from Palotina, Parana State, Brazil. Forty samples of pasteurized milks were gathered at several retail stores from Palotina. Sixteen samples labeled as X -8 "B" and 8 skimmed milk, 16 samples labeled as Y -8 "C" and 8 skimmed milk, and 8 samples labeled as Z -"C" milk, were analyzed at the Federal University of Paraná Laboratory for Water and Food Microbiological Control at Palotina Campus. After being stored at the refrigerator for one hour before the beginning of the analysis. According to the results found, all the milk samples analyzed were within the acceptable limits for mesophilic, psychrotroph and fecal coliform countings. An important data was the high percentage, as much as 30%, of negative peroxidase samples. In regard to the physical chemistry analysis carried out -fat, density at 15 o C, total dry extract, unfat dry extract, cryoscopic index, phosphatase and peroxidase, the results were in general not satisfactories.
ResumoNo presente trabalho foram analisadas 150 amostras de leite UHT integral de três marcas comercializadas em Palotina, entre outubro de 2004 e fevereiro de 2005. Foram realizadas contagens de bactérias mesófilas aeróbicas, sendo os resultados comparados aos padrões estabelecidos pelo Regulamento Técnico de Identidade e Qualidade (RTIQ) para leite UHT do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento do Brasil. Entre as amostras analisadas, 36 (24%) apresentaram contagem de mesófilos acima da legislação. Também foram realizadas análises físico-químicas destas amostras, sendo que 7,3% dos resultados de acidez titulável, 29% de gordura e 50,7% de extrato seco desengordurado estavam em desacordo com o RTIQ. Todas as amostras estavam dentro dos padrões para as análises de índice crioscópico e estabilidade em álcool. Palavras-chave: Leite UHT, qualidade, físico-química, mesófilos AbstractThe present work analyzed 150 UHT whole milk samples from three different brands, commercialized in city of Palotina (Paraná, Brazil), between October of 2004 and February of 2005. Mesophilic aerobic bacteria counting results were compared to the Agriculture Ministry of Brazil official standards (RTIQ) for UHT milk. 36 (24%) of the sample presented higher mesophilic bacteria counting according to the standards. Also, were proceeded physic-chemical analyses of those samples. 7.3% of the acidity results, 29% of crude fat and 50.7% of dry matter without fat were disagreeing to RTIQ. All samples accorded to the standards for cryoscopy and alcohol stability tests.
The objectives of this study were to analyze consumer profile; to identify the main reasons for raw milk consumption; and to analyze in laboratory samples of uninspected raw milk from five towns in the western region of the state of Paraná, Brazil. The types of milk most frequently consumed were: 42.3% ultra-high temperature (UHT), 38.3% pasteurized milk, 17.6% uninspected raw milk, and 1.7% powered milk. The frequencies of households that preferred uninspected raw milk were, according to the town, 32.7% in Iporã, 29.2% in Marechal Cândido Rondon, 18.9% in Assis Chateaubriand, 17.6% in Palotina, and 10% in Toledo. Flavor was the main reason for uninspected raw milk consumption, and the purchase of this product was more frequent in households whose income was between one to four minimum wages. It was observed that the sales of uninspected milk are more financially advantageous to the producer than sales of inspected milk. All samples analyzed showed lack of compliance with at least one parameter, 60.9% for mesophilic counts, 56.6% for non-fat dry matter, 52.1% for freezing point, 43.5% for acidity, 23.9% for density, 23.9% for the casein macropeptide, 17.4% for fat content, 8.7% were reactors in the milk ring test, and 2.2% were reactors in microbial growth inhibitor test. Fraud by addition of water was observed in 20% of the samples. Uninspected raw milk analyzed in this study involved a low-quality product that is a financial hazard as it may be adulterated, and that poses risk to consumer health.
Luciano dos Santos Bersot 5 SOVINSKI, A. I.; CANO, F. G.; RAYMUNDO, N. K. L.; BARCELLOS, V. C.; BERSOT, L. dos S. Situação da comercialização do leite cru informal e avaliação microbiológica e físico-química no município de Cafelândia, Paraná, Brasil. Arq. Ciênc. Vet. Zool. UNIPAR, Umuarama, v. 17, n. 3, p. 161-165, jul./set. 2014. RESUMO:O presente trabalho teve por objetivos verificar o perfil dos consumidores, a situação da comercialização do leite cru informal e avaliar sua qualidade microbiológica, físico-química e pesquisa de inibidores na cidade de Cafelândia, PR. Entrevistas foram realizadas nas residências de quatro regiões do município durante o período de janeiro a junho de 2011 e amostras de leite cru informal obtidas foram analisadas para verificação da qualidade. Foi observado 23% dos entrevistados como consumidores de leite cru informal. Das amostras analisadas, 65 (97%) estavam em desacordo, sendo 51 (76,1%) para CPP; 21 (31,3%) para CCS; 17 (25,4%) para crioscopia; 14 (20,9%) para o teor de gordura; 40 (59,7%) para alizarol 72% e 30 (44,8%) para acidez titulável fora do limite em vigor para leite cru refrigerado estabelecido pela atual legislação em vigor. Nenhuma amostra apresentou presença de inibidores. Leite ácido e instável (38%) e adição de água (25%) foram as principais alterações encontradas. Concluiu-se que o leite cru informal comercializado possui uma baixa qualidade e oferece um risco financeiro de fraude por adulteração. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Consumidor. Leite informal. Microbiologia. Saúde pública. MARKETING SITUATION AND MICROBIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL EVALUATION OF RAW MILK SOLD INFORMALLY IN CAFELÂNDIA, PARANÁ, BRAZIL ABSTRACT:The objective of the present study is to assess consumer profile as well as the marketing situation and microbiological and physical-chemical quality of raw milk, as well as the presence of inhibiting substance, in raw milk informally traded in the city of Cafelândia, PR. Interviews were carried out in the households in four regions of the city from January to June 2011, and samples of raw milk were collected and analyzed. It could be observed that 23% of the interviewees were consumers of informally marketed raw milk. From the samples analyzed, 65 (97%) did not comply with the official regulation for refrigerated raw milk: 51 (76.1%) in standard plate count; 21 (31.3%) in SCC; 17 (25.4%) in freezing point; 14 (20.9%) in fat content; 40 (59.7%) in the alizarol test; and 30 (44.8%) in titratable acidity. None of the sample showed the presence of inhibitory substances. Unstable and acid milk (38%) and addition of water (25%) were the main changes observed. It can be concluded that informally marketed raw milk has low quality and is a financial risk due to fraud by adulteration. KEYWORDS: Consumers. Public health. Informal milk. Microbiology. SITUACIÓN DE LA COMERCIALIZACIÓN DE LA LECHE CRUDA INFORMAL Y EVALUACIÓN MICROBIOLÓGICA Y FISICOQUÍMICA EN EL MUNICIPIO DE CAFELÂNDIA, PARANÁ, BRASILRESUMEN: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar el perfil de los con...
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