Productive consequences of fasting neonatal chicks of different genetic constitutions for growing

Abstract

The study was designed to evaluate the productive consequences of fasting neonatal chicks obtained from strains genetically divergent for growing. Four hundred eight chicks from three strains, 160 from breeders selected for high growth rate and excellent feed conversion ratio (Cobb 500), 160 from breeders not selected for fast growth (JA57), and 160 from a white egg layer strain (Hy-Line W98) were allotted in a 3 (strain) x 2 (fasting period - 8 and 36h after hatching) factorial arrangement with 5 replicates of 16 chicks each. Immediately after hatching, all chicks had similar (P>0.05) relative yolk sac weights (14.13%, 14.50%, and 15.49% for Hy-Line, Cobb, and JA57, respectively). The yolk sac retractions were proportionally higher for Cobb and JA57 chicks up to 144 h (6 days) after placement, but were not influenced by 36h of feed fasting. At 7 and 14 days of age only Cobb chicks had their body weight and weight gain significantly (P<0.05) depressed by 36h feed fasting after hatching. Results indicate that broiler chicks with intense initial growth rates (Cobb 500) need an outstanding nutritional supply, either from exogenous (feed) or endogenous (residual yolk) sources, to achieve a final weight compatible with their genetic constitution. For slow-growing chicks (Hy-Line), nutritional supplementation via yolk sac seems to be more important than exogenous supply (feed) of nutrients during the neonatal period

Effects of food and water deprivation in newly hatched chickens : a systematic literature review and meta-analysis

“…The presence of exogenous food in the gastrointestinal tract stimulates release of yolk through the yolk stalk en enhances yolk secretion in the intestine [99]. Thus, early post-hatch feeding may stimulate yolk sac resorption in the intestine (e.g., [18,54,66,95]), although studies also found that early post-hatch feeding did not stimulate yolk sac resorption (e.g., [20,22,23,46,56]). Based on these ambiguous results, effects of food and water deprivation on yolk sac resorption remain inconclusive.…”

Effects of Intrayolk Sac Inoculation of Olive Oil on Physiological Adaptive Responses in Newly Hatched Broiler Chicks Subjected to Neonatal Fasting

“…However, with the commercial practices in progress the placement of broiler chicks at rearing houses may delay for 48 to 72 h. During this period, the neonate chicks have no chance of exogenous feeding and maintain on the nutritional elements supplied via yolk residuals enclosed in their abdominal cavity. Noy and Sklan (1999b) and Bhanja et al (2009) reported that nutrient supply via yolk sac is not sufficient to sustain the maintenance requirements of the broiler chicks exposed to the holding periods persisted beyond 24 h. The chicks experienced starvation periods beyond 24 h demonstrated retarded early crucial development of the gastrointestinal system (Uni et al, 2003), impaired immune response (Dibner et al, 1998) and deceased performance up to the market age (Gonzales et al, 2008).…”

Desenvolvimento biométrico e desempenho de frangos de corte submetidos a diferentes períodos de jejum pós-eclosão

“…O menor desenvolvimento intestinal em aves recém-eclodidas e mantidas em restrição alimentar foi relatado por Maiorka et al (2000), já a dificuldade de absorção dos nutrientes do saco vitelino e redução no peso de órgãos secretores (fígado, pâncreas e intestino) em pintainhos submetidos a 36 horas de jejum, com prejuízos no desempenho zootécnico dos frangos aos 42 dias de idade, foram constatados por Almeida et al (2006) e por Gonzales et al (2008).…”

“…O ganho de peso compensatório de aves submetidas a jejum pós-eclosão não é suficiente para corrigir o atraso no crescimento em decorrência da oferta tardia de alimento após o nascimento ; EL-HUSSEINY; ABOU EL-WAFA; EL-KOMY, 2008;GONZALES et al, 2008). No entanto, o desempenho das aves não foi prejudicado em intervalos de até 24 horas entre eclosão e fornecimento de água e alimento (OLIVEIRA, 2012).…”