Desenvolvimento biométrico e desempenho de frangos de corte submetidos a diferentes períodos de jejum pós-eclosão

Abstract

ResumoForam avaliados os efeitos do tempo de jejum pós-eclosão sobre a biometria dos órgãos do trato digestório e o desempenho zootécnico de frangos de corte. Foram utilizadas 640 aves, sexadas, distribuídas em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com quatro períodos de jejum pós-eclosão (0, 12, 24 e 36 horas) e quatro repetições de 40 aves cada (20 fêmeas e 20 machos). A avaliação do peso vivo e da biometria dos órgãos no alojamento das aves revelou perda de peso relativo do saco vitelino e que a redução no peso vivo nesta fase foi tanto maior quanto maior o tempo decorrido entre nascimento e alojamento. O jejum influenciou o peso relativo de todos os órgãos do trato digestório, exceto para esôfago + papo que permaneceram inalterados. Com o aumento do tempo de jejum houve aumento do peso relativo de proventrículo + moela, intestino delgado + pâncreas, intestino grosso e fígado + vesícula biliar. O peso vivo aos 7 e 21 dias de idade foi maior nas aves que permaneceram em restrição de 24 e 36 horas de jejum. Todavia, as demais variáveis de desempenho não foram influenciadas pelo jejum. Portanto, o uso de até 36 horas de jejum pós-eclosão afetou o desenvolvimento biométrico do trato digestório, no entanto, o desempenho zootécnico dos frangos de corte aos 42 dias de idade não foi influenciado pela restrição alimentar.Palavras-chave: Biometria. Restrição Alimentar. Crescimento compensatório. AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of fasting time on biometrics organ digestive tract and performance of broilers. A total of 640 sexed birds were, distributed according to a completely randomized design with four periods of fasting after hatching (0, 12, 24 and 36 hours) and four replicates of 40 birds each (20 females and 20 males). The evaluation of body weight and biometrics of the organs during the housing of the birds showed that there was loss of relative weight of the yolk sac and reduction in weight as they increased the time between birth and accommodation. Fasting influenced the relative weight of all of the digestive tract, except for esophagus + craw that remained unchanged. With the increasing fasting time there was an increase in relative weight of the proventriculus + gizzard, small intestine + pancreas, large intestine, liver + gallbladder. The live weight at 7 and 21 days of age was higher in birds that remained in restriction of 24 and 36 hours of fasting. However, the other performance variables were not affected by fasting compared with birds with no fasting. Therefore, the use of up to 36 hours post-hatching fasting affects the development biometric digestive tract, however the production performance of broiler at 42 days of age is not affected by food restriction.

Development of digestive organs of female broilers under varying post-hatch fasting times

“…During this period of food and water fasting, birds may undergo a dehydration process (AGOSTINHO et al, 2012). Furthermore, if transport takes too long, in addition to dehydration, a prolonged fasting may increase mortality rates (PEDROSO et al, 2006) and decrease liver, pancreas and intestine weights, besides hindering yolk-sac absorption (ALMEIDA et al, 2006), therefore, reducing zootechnical performance of birds at 42 days of age (CARVALHO et al, 2013).…”

“…;Almeida et al (2006);Pedroso et al (2006); El-Husseiny et al(2008);Riccardi et al (2009) andCarvalho et al (2013), who observed a decrease in the body weight of chicks under post-hatching food restriction.…”

Use of Betaine in Post-Hatch Feed for Broiler Chicks

“…The fact that the chicks did not have access to water during this period may contribute to weight loss. The reduction of live weight of the chicks during this phase occurs due to higher use of energy reserves from the yolk sac, digestive and renal excretions, and dehydration (Leu et al, 2002;Carvalho et al, 2013). The treatments in this experiment were not sufficient to reduce these effects (p>0,05).…”

Productive performance, breast growth and digestive system development in European quail subjected to post-hatch fasting for different periods

“…Recently, Ribeiro et al (2018) observed this effect in broilers subjected to fasting for 48 and 72 hs; at 10 days of age, chicks had poorer body development. Carvalho et al (2013) found that broilers had a loss of 5.7 g in the first 48 hs of fasting. Under fasting conditions, weight reductions in the first hours of life occur due to the greater use of yolk sac reserves and dehydration (Halevy et al (2000).…”