Effects of food and water deprivation in newly hatched chickens : a systematic literature review and meta-analysis

Jong, I.C. de; Riel, Johan van; Lourens, A.; Bracke, M.B.M.; den, Henry Brand. H. van

doi:10.18174/401560

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…Other variables were included in the QA when at least five records were available. The less frequently studied variables relevant for poultry welfare assessment are discussed here (for a more extensive discussion see [ 76 ]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 'meta-analysis' of effects of post-hatch food and water deprivation on development, performance and welfare of chickens

et al. 2017

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A ‘meta-analysis’ was performed to determine effects of post-hatch food and water deprivation (PHFWD) on chicken development, performance and welfare (including health). Two types of meta-analysis were performed on peer-reviewed scientific publications: a quantitative ‘meta-analysis’ (MA) and a qualitative analysis (QA). Previously reported effects of PHFWD were quantified in the MA, for variables related to performance, mortality and relative yolk sac weight. The QA counted the number of studies reporting (non-)significant effects when five or more records were available in the data set (i.e. relative heart, liver and pancreas weight; plasma T3, T4 and glucose concentrations; relative duodenum, jejunum and ileum weight; duodenum, jejunum and ileum length; and villus height and crypt depth in duodenum, jejunum and ileum). MA results indicated that 24 hours of PHFWD (i.e. ≥12–36 hours) or more resulted in significantly lower body weights compared to early-fed chickens up to six weeks of age. Body weights and food intake were more reduced as durations of PHFWD (24, 48, 72, ≥84 hours) increased. Feed conversion rate increased in chickens up to 21 and 42 days of age after ≥84 hours PHFWD in comparison with chickens fed earlier. Total mortality at day 42 was higher in chickens after 48 hours PHFWD compared to early fed chickens or chickens after 24 hours PHFWD. First week mortality was higher in chickens after ≥84 hours PHFWD than in early fed chickens. The MA for relative yolk sac weight was inconclusive for PHFWD. The QA for plasma T3, T4 and glucose concentrations indicated mainly short-term decreases in T3 and glucose in PHFWD chickens compared to early fed chickens, and no effects of PHFWD on T4 concentrations. Relative weights of liver, pancreas and heart were lower after PHFWD, but only in the first week of life. A retarded development of gut segments (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) was found in the first week of life, measured as shorter, lower relative weight, and lower villus height and crypt depth. It is concluded that 48 hours (≥36–60 hours) PHFWD leads to lower body weights and higher total mortality in chickens up to six weeks of age, the latter suggesting compromised chicken welfare, but effects of PHFWD on organ development and physiological status appear to be mainly short-term.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 'meta-analysis' of effects of post-hatch food and water deprivation on development, performance and welfare of chickens

et al. 2017

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“…Food shortage has been identified as one of the main causes of chicks’ mortality (de Jong, van Riel, Lourens, Bracke, & van den Brand, ; Velando et al., ). Nutritional stress compromises immune function of birds (Alonso‐Alvarez & Tella, ; Gasparini et al., ), a mechanism that may be mediated by the action of CORT, which is released when there is food shortage in some bird species (Kitaysky et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food supplementation protects Magnificent frigatebird chicks against a fatal viral disease

Sebastiano

Eens

Pineau³

et al. 2019

CONSERVATION LETTERS

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Outbreaks of wildlife diseases are occurring at an unprecedented rate. In French Guiana, recurrent episodes of frigatebird chicks’ mortality due to a viral disease that first appeared in 2005 have recently turned into massive mortality episodes (85–95%) of chicks. One of the suggested hypotheses behind the appearance of the disease is food limitation due to the recent decline of local shrimp fishery boats on which frigatebirds rely for opportunistic feeding. We therefore experimentally fish‐supplemented frigatebird chicks with and without clinical signs of the disease. Food supplementation protected all chicks from the appearance of clinical signs of the disease and increased survival perspectives of sick chicks. These results suggest that food shortage might decrease resistance of chicks to infectious diseases and that using a specifically tailored food supplementation regime could be a complimentary tool to protect frigatebirds and other endangered birds from disease outbreaks threatening them with extinction.

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“…Research shows that delayed first feeding in chicks disrupts SI development by limiting crypt depths and villus heights, altering epithelial proliferation patterns, dysregulating differentiation-associated genes, and disrupting mucin dynamics (Geyra et al, 2001(Geyra et al, , 2002Uni et al, 2003a, de Jong et al, 2017. Long-term systematic effects of delayed first feeding include impaired nutrient utilization, altered regulation of metabolic pathways, disrupted barrier functions, and impaired gut immunity, all of which jeopardize animal welfare, impair performance in increase mortality rates (Bigot et al, 2003;Bar Shira et al, 2005;de Jong et al, 2017;Hicks et al, 2019;Payne et al, 2019;Proszkowiec-weglarz et al, 2020). In this study, we aimed to evaluate how the timing of first feeding of chicks influences the quantities and distribution of specialized SI epithelial cell sub-types during the initial 10 days post-hatch.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

It’s All About Timing: Early Feeding Promotes Intestinal Maturation by Shifting the Ratios of Specialized Epithelial Cells in Chicks

et al. 2020

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The small intestine (SI) of chicks (Gallus gallus) matures rapidly during the initial post-hatch period and acquires digestive, absorptive, and secretive capabilities. The effects of the timing of first feeding on the quantities and distribution of specialized epithelial cells, which generate and maintain SI morphology and functionality, have not yet been examined. In this study, we identified specialized SI epithelial cell sub-types, including stem, progenitor, proliferating, and differentiated cells within crypts and villi of chicks during the first 10 days post-hatch, by in situ hybridization (ISH), immunofluorescence (IF), and histochemical staining. We then examined their quantities and ratios between day of hatch and d10 in chicks that were fed upon hatch [early feeding (EF)], compared to chicks that were fed 24 h post-hatch [delayed feeding (DF)]. Results showed that EF increased total cell quantities in the crypts and villi at days 1, 3, 7, and 10, compared to DF (p < 0.0001). At d3, EF, in comparison to DF, decreased crypt stem cell proportions (p < 0.0001), increased crypt proliferating (p < 0.01) and differentiated (p < 0.05) cell proportions, and increased villus enterocyte proportions (p < 0.01). By d10, EF increased both the quantities and proportions of villus enterocytes and goblet cells, compared to DF. We conclude that feeding upon hatch, compared to 24 h-delayed feeding, enhanced SI maturation and functionality by increasing the quantities and proportions of proliferating and differentiated cells, thus expanding the digestive, absorptive, and secretive cell populations throughout the initial post-hatch period.

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Effects of food and water deprivation in newly hatched chickens : a systematic literature review and meta-analysis

Abstract: Effects of food and water deprivation in newly hatched chickens. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

Cited by 14 publications

References 120 publications

A 'meta-analysis' of effects of post-hatch food and water deprivation on development, performance and welfare of chickens

A 'meta-analysis' of effects of post-hatch food and water deprivation on development, performance and welfare of chickens

Food supplementation protects Magnificent frigatebird chicks against a fatal viral disease

It’s All About Timing: Early Feeding Promotes Intestinal Maturation by Shifting the Ratios of Specialized Epithelial Cells in Chicks

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