Avaliação da amônia emitida de camas sobrepostas e piso concretado utilizados na criação de suínos

Abstract

RESUMOA criação de suínos em camas sobrepostas surgiu como alternativa ao uso excessivo de água utilizada na atividade, mas veio, também, o problema da emissão de gases poluentes, principalmente a amônia. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar a quantidade de amônia emitida pelas camas de maravalha, casca de arroz e pelo piso de concreto, comparandoa com os níveis aceitáveis para a produção de suínos criados em camas, entre dezembro de 2002 e abril de 2003, no município de Concórdia, SC; três edificações (12,0 x 10,0 m) foram utilizadas, cada uma com 216 animais (Landrace X Large White) e se avaliou a qualidade do ar quantificando-se a emissão diária de amônia, às dez e quatorze horas; a cama de maravalha, por sua vez, apresentou melhor eficiência na absorção das dejeções em relação à de casca de arroz; entretanto, nela foram encontrados os menores valores de emissão da amônia, enquanto no piso de concreto foram observados os maiores valores para o gás; desta forma, indica-se a cama de maravalha como a mais apropriada para a criação de suínos em condições de verão, para o Sul do Brasil; enfim, a análise estatística lançou mão de um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado e 4 repetições por tratamento. Palavras-chave: maravalha, casca de arroz, gasesEvaluation of the emitted ammonia from deep beddings and concrete floor used in the swine production ABSTRACT Swine production in deep bedding appeared as an alternative to the excessive use of water in the activity, however the problem of emission of pollutant gases appeared, mainly ammonia. This research aimed at evaluating the amount of ammonia emitted by wood shavings and rice husks deep beds and concrete floor, compared to acceptable levels for swine production in beds, during December 2002 to April 2003, in Concórdia, Santa Catarina State. Three constructions with dimensions of 12.0 x 10.0 m, divided in 4 boxes with 5.0 x 6.0 m were used, each with a total of 216 animals (Landrace X Large White). The evaluation of air quality was based on the quantification of the ammonia emission, daily measurements, at 10:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m. The wood shaving bed presented better efficiency in the absorption of the wastes compared to the rice husk, which presented the lowest values of ammonia emission. In the concrete floor the highest values were observed for the gas. As such, the wood shaving bed is indicated as the most appropriate for the swine production in summer conditions for the South of Brazil. For the statistical analysis an entirely randomized experimental design, with 4 replicates for each treatment was used.

Thermal performance and concentration of gases in facilities for pigs in semiarid region from State of Paraiba - Brazil

“…These low values of NH 3 are consistent with those discussed by SILVEIRA et al (2009, in studies conducted in pig nursery with different types in southeastern Brazil, but also by PAULO et al (2008), analyzing the emission of ammonia in the southern region of Brazil, for different types of superimposed bed, which reported values of ammonia concentration below that are recommended by the NR-15 (1978) and ACGIH (2001). TOLON et al (2010) also reported low levels of NH 3 (mean 2.0 ppm) in pig breeding facilities.…”

“…This concentration of NH 3 similar in the dry season (summer) and rainy (winter) is in disagreement with other work, such as SAMPAIO et al (2007b), citing higher levels of NH 3 in the winter, and this fact justifies the conditions of climate and management at this time of year, like the closing of facilities, which favors the formation of ammonia and, consequently, a higher concentration. However, PAULO et al (2008), reported that ammonia levels are higher in summer, and this increase is associated to the fact that the animals ingest a larger amount of water and the need for constant power, a scenario that also generates increased production of solid and liquid waste and, consequently, increased production of gas on the installations. This variation in the concentration of NH 3 is associated with the types of facilities, which in arid and semiarid regions are generally open to the management and mainly to climatic factors, which are different in each region.…”

“…During the pig production, a large quantity of products is generated and can be harmful to the environment, to the animals and the man, that release energy, moisture, carbon dioxide, dust, and gases of digestion; indirectly other products are released from the droppings, such as heat, moisture, gases of aerobic and anaerobic digestion of waste (carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane) and dust from the floor, bed, food, machinery and implements used in the ration, etc. (SAMPAIO et al, 2005(SAMPAIO et al, , 2006PAULO et al, 2008;SILVEIRA et al, 2009). Ammonia (NH 3 ) is a gas associated with reduced appetite and irritation in the mucous membranes of the pigs, and it also causes respiratory problems and lethality for workers (SAMPAIO et al, 2007a).…”

Acoustic Environment and Gas Production in Different Growing-Finishing Swine Facilities

“…In addition, greater air quality control can probably improve productivity levels and present lower animal health risks (PANDORFI et al, 2012). Ammonia (NH3) is an important gas found in swine production facilities, which besides being an irritant to the respiratory system, also affects the health of animals and workers (PAULO et al, 2009). …”

Ambiência Aérea e Temperatura da Cama Sobreposta em Instalação para Suínos

“…Durante a produção de suínos, uma grande quantidade de produtos é gerada e pode ser prejudicial ao meio ambiente, aos animais e ao homem. Liberando energia, dió xido de carbono, e gases da cama, alimentos, máquinas e implementos utilizados na ração (Sampaio et al 2005;Paulo et al 2009;Silveira et al 2009).…”