Alimentação do bebê de baixo peso no domicílio: enfrentamentos da família e desafios para a enfermagem

Abstract

Bebês de baixo peso ao nascer apresentam demandas de cuidados na alimentação decorrentes das exigências metabólicas no primeiro ano de vida, desafiando as famílias no confronto entre as recomendações dos profissionais e as práticas culturais. Para desvelar e articular a prática sociocultural dos familiares na alimentação deste bebê, aplicou-se o método criativo-sensível, no domicílio de seis famílias, no período de abril de 2008 a março de 2009. Segundo a análise crítica do discurso, as famílias desvelaram os contextos hospitalar, domiciliar e societal de alimentação do bebê, ideologicamente articulados com a prática social. Enquanto a ordem do discurso hospitalar favoreceu o aleitamento materno exclusivo, as ordens local e societal desvelaram as práticas culturais da amamentação e alimentação, articuladas ou não com discurso profissional. O discurso dos profissionais de saúde influenciou o início da amamentação exclusiva, mas pouco contribuiu na sua manutenção. A inclusão da família nas intervenções contribui para a produção de novos sentidos na alimentação deste bebê.

Acesso ao cuidado à saúde da criança em serviços de atenção primária

“…A coleta de dados foi dividida em três fases, na seguinte ordem: inquérito domiciliar, Mapas Falantes (MF) e entrevista semiestruturada. Os MF representaram as ferramentas de reconstrução dos caminhos percorridos pelos cuidadores em busca de atenção à saúde da criança, criando um momento de interação durante as entrevistas (15) .…”

Breastfeeding Preterm Infants at Home

“…Therefore, in this study, as well as in others, [11][12][15][16] formula was a solution for the infants' nourishment at home, and knowing how to offer it is one of the mothers' needs. 11 We emphasize that the perception of the formula as a solution for preterm infant nutrition is a result of the women/mothers' position concerning the benefits of BF and what they learned at the NICU and at home in relation to the PTNs' nourishment.…”

“…14 Still, they are part of the social interactions that result in the concept of preterm infant frailty 11,15 and, as a consequence, promote super-protective actions toward PTNs, 15 which, when at home, cause insecurities in handling BF and doubts about it. 16 Results show a dilemma for the mothers to see themselves as "good mothers", since they did not choose BF exclusively. They mull over this issue, finding reasons for using formula as the primary type of nourishment for their infants in the idea that preterm infants are vulnerable and unstable, which is reinforced by health workers.…”

“…13 Moreover, the collaboration between workers and mothers is more noticeable in the hospital environment, in comparison to the home environment, 12,14 in a way that women feel helpless when facing problems with handling BF at home. This fact results in the interruption of HM offering and the introduction of the formula, 5,[11][12][15][16] which happened with the women in this research and was intensified by the duality in professional attitudes when handling the infants' nourishment.…”

Human Milk Bank: Challenges and Visibility for Nursing

“…1,[4][5] The representation of infant feeding was a serious public health grievance, which in the 1980s led the Ministry of Health to use reversion of weaning as one of the main strategies to reduce infant morbidity and mortality. 2,[5][6][7] At the time, institutional initiatives and state actions, such as the promotion of the breastfeeding, were followed by social mobilizations in favor of the fostering of breastfeeding. Therefore, some mothers organized themselves and created a movement called Grupo de Mães Amigas do Peito (Friends of the Breast Mother's Group), founded in 1980, in the city of Rio de Janeiro.…”