The aim of this study was describing and reflecting about the aspects related to the social history and public policies for the children's health assistance in Brazil. A brief historical contextualization was realized concerning changes on the way the society views the child in Brazil and around the world, also perspectives considering public policies for the children's health in the national context were presented. It was possible to identify that the historical evolution of the child participation in the society is linked to the changes in the assistance public policies, which were demonstrated in the child death decrease and associated to challenges, like the morbimortality reduction caused by perinatal injuries and avoidable causes. The advances and conquers in the child's health are evolved in a paradigmatic change movement into a model of a net formation and a comprehensiveness care. This context requires the human resources preparation for such area, based on the health promotion and prevention, as well as a better quality of life of the population.

RESUMOObjetivo: identificar a produção científica nacional relacionada às experiências vividas pelas famílias de neonatos prematuros hospitalizados em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura com 12 artigos científicos encontrados na Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde a partir da questão norteadora "Como as famílias enfrentam a hospitalização de um filho prematuro?". Resultados: identificaram-se três categorias temáticas: "Sentimentos relacionados ao nascimento prematuro"; "Hospitalização e separação do trinômio mãe/pai/filho"; "Quebra das expectativas em relação ao nascimento do filho". As famílias expressaram sentimentos como tristeza, angústia, culpa e medo, ao mesmo tempo, esperança, fé e alegria. Conclusão: compreende-se que é essencial que profissionais da saúde reconheçam estes sentimentos para que possam proporcionar um ambiente acolhedor, auxiliando-os no enfrentamento do nascimento prematuro, por meio do contato e criação do vínculo com o recém-nascido, bem como na reorganização das rotinas familiares. Descritores: Prematuro; Recém-nascido; Relações familiares; Enfermagem neonatal. ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the national scientific production related to the experiences of families of preterm neonates hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit. Method: integrative literature review of 12 scientific articles found in the Virtual Library of Health, from the guiding question "How families face the hospitalization of a premature baby?" Results: identified three themes: "Feelings related to preterm birth"; "Hospitalization and separation of the triad mother / father / son"; "Break the expectations of the birth of the child." The families expressed feelings such as sadness, anguish, guilt and fear at the same time, hope, faith and joy. Conclusion: it is understood that it is essential that health professionals recognize these feelings so that they can provide a warm environment, assisting them in coping with premature birth, through contact and creation of a bond with the baby and in the reorganization of family routines. Descritors: Premature; Newborn; Family relations; Neonatal nursing. RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar la producción científica nacional relacionada con las experiencias de las familias de los niños prematuros hospitalizados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales. Método: revisión integradora de 12 artículos científicos que se encuentra en la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud, a partir de la pregunta rectores "¿Cómo las familias se enfrentan a la hospitalización de un bebé prematuro?" Resultados: se clasificaron en tres categorías temáticas: "Sentimientos relacionados con el parto prematuro"; "La hospitalización y la separación de la madre tríada / padre / hijo"; "Romper las expectativas del nacimiento del niño." Las familias expresaron sentimientos como la tristeza, la angustia, la culpa y el miedo en el momento mismo, la esperanza, la fe y la alegría. Conclusión: se entiende que es esencial que los profesionales de la salud reconocen estos sentimientos ...

It was conducted a qualitative study based on the methodological framework of dialectical hermeneutics, aiming to identify the attribute access from primary care to solve the health problems of children under one year old from the reports of parents and caregivers. Sixteen caregivers of children were involved, all of them seen in the emergency units of Cascavel-PR, in 2010. Four thematic categories were recognized: Family counselling in seeking health care for the child; Absence of reception on the first contact; Presence of risk classification to the child´s health attention; Barriers that block the access to health care. It was conclude that, families showed difficulties to reach the solution for their children´s health, because of the lack of access to primary care services.

Objective: to analyze opportunities for orientations to promote the care of premature infants during home visits and telephone support. Method: a qualitative study from the perspective of philosophical hermeneutics conducted with 18 mothers of premature infants discharged from hospital. Hospital contact and interviews were carried out, 15 and 45 days after discharge and at the infants’ six months of life, with data analysis by interpretation of meanings from 25 home visits and 56 telephone support contacts. Results: the following two thematic units emerged: Needs for contact and guidance: the place for home visits and opportunities for resolving doubts by telephone support, indicating aspects that suggest weakening child health, discontinuity in follow-up and vulnerability in specialized follow-ups. Home visits and telephone support favored the concern of health needs, doubts about basic care and problem solving, as ways to prevent damage and promote child health. Conclusion: home visits and telephone support emerge as collaborative practices of care and detection of latent conditions, which can be reduced or interrupted with prompt return of guidance, suggesting opportune strategies to increase follow-up, linkage and access to the health services.

Objective: To analyze situations in which premature children are vulnerable in home care, in the first six months after hospital discharge. Method: Qualitative study, from the perspective of philosophical hermeneutics, carried out in a Brazilian city on the border. In-depth interviews were conducted, with a data analysis considering the method of interpretation of meanings. 18 mothers of premature children discharged from a hospital unit participated. 25 home visits and 56 calls were made. Results: The reports from the mothers express situations of vulnerability, concerns, needs for care, singularities of the development of the premature baby, and repercussions of institutional routines in home care. Final considerations: There are vulnerable circumstances in prematurity that reaffirm interconnected individual, social, and institutional dimensions. It is important to highlight that the institutional dimension involves the responsibility of health professionals not to increase individual and social vulnerabilities, but to promote care and seek to reduce situations that generate risks, uncertainties, concerns, and damages.

Objetivo: compreender as ações de cuidado do enfermeiro a partir do Programa Rede Mãe Paranaense (PRMP). Métodos: estudo qualitativo alicerçado na fenomenologia social de Alfred Schütz. Participaram oito enfermeiros dos municípios da 10ª Regional de Saúde do Paraná. Realizouse entrevista semiestruturada de agosto a dezembro de 2014. Resultados: identificaram-se três categorias: conhecimento sobre o PRMP; ações de cuidado do enfermeiro no PRMP; e expectativas quanto ao PRMP. O enfermeiro conhece os objetivos, os compromissos e os indicadores do PRMP. Desenvolve ações de captação precoce; estratificação de risco habitual, intermediário e alto risco e encaminhamentos conforme o risco. Proporciona cuidado qualificado à gestante, à parturiente, à puérpera e à criança. A partir das ações de cuidado, vislumbram qualificar ainda mais as ações de cuidado a essa população. Conclusão: as ações da equipe multidisciplinar poderão contribuir de forma eficaz na redução da morbimortalidade materna e infantil. Faz-se necessário mais investimento nos programas de saúde para o alcance da excelência nas ações de cuidado.

Objective:To evaluate the performance of Primary Health Care (PHC) in treatment of TB patients in a triple international border municipality.Methods:The present study was an evaluative survey of cross-sectional and quantitative approach conducted with 225 PHC healthcare professionals. Data was collected through a structured and validated instrument, which provided five indicators of "structure" and four indicators of "process" classified as unsatisfactory, regular or satisfactory.Results:The "structure" component was unsatisfactory for the indicator of professionals involved in TB care and training, and regular for the indicator of connection between the units and other levels of care. The "process" component was regular for the indicators of TB information, directly observed treatment and reference and counter reference on TB, and unsatisfactory for external actions on TB control.Conclusion:The "structure" and "process" components points out some weaknesses in terms of management and organization of human resources. Low frequency of training and the turnover influenced the involvement of professionals. Elements of "structure" and "process" show the need for investing in the PHC team and improving the clinical management of cases.

Objective: to analyze elements of the follow-up care provided to premature children amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: qualitative study from the perspective of philosophical hermeneutics, interpreting experiences with childcare provided at home. Twelve mothers and 14 children aged two years old were interviewed online via a text messaging application. Data were analyzed by interpreting meanings. Results: weaknesses stood out in the follow-up care provided to children such as gaps of communication, lack of guidance and delayed immunizations, while care intended to meet health demands was interrupted. Vulnerability aspects affecting child development included: social isolation measures that impeded the children from socializing with their peers, increased screen time, the manifestation of demanding behaviors and irritation and the mothers experiencing an overload of responsibilities. The elements that strengthened maternal care included the mothers being attentive to contagion, enjoying greater experience and satisfaction with the maternal role, spending more time with their children, and recognizing respiratory signs and symptoms, especially fever. Conclusion: follow-up care provided to children in stressful situations implies implementing practices that support the wellbeing of children and families, decreasing the likelihood of children being exposed to development deficits, and detecting signs and symptoms timely. The use of nursing call centers can break the invisibility of longitudinal needs and promote health education actions at home.