Estratégias adotadas por pessoas com Transtorno Afetivo Bipolar e a necessidade de terapêutica medicamentosa

Abstract

Este estudo identificou as estratégias adotadas pela pessoa com Transtorno Afetivo Bipolar (TAB) diante da necessidade de uso contínuo de medicamentos. Foi utilizada a abordagem qualitativa, tendo como referencial metodológico a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados, à luz do Interacionismo Simbólico. Participaram do estudo 14 pessoas com TAB que estavam em acompanhamento em uma Unidade Ambulatorial de Transtornos do Humor de um hospital universitário e 14 familiares indicados pelas mesmas. A entrevista e observação foram as principais formas de obtenção de dados. Os resultados revelaram cinco categorias que descrevem as estratégias adotadas pela pessoa com TAB: aderindo à terapêutica medicamentosa; querendo conhecer melhor o transtorno e os medicamentos; participando do grupo de psicoeducação; buscando seus direitos em relação ao acesso ao medicamento e tendo fé. Constatou-se que apesar da ambivalência em relação à adesão ao medicamento, a pessoa com TAB possui potencialidades para conviver com a situação.

Interação entre paciente com transtorno afetivo bipolar e equipe ambulatorial quanto à terapêutica medicamentosa

“…Their statements show that when they receive a fragmented care, people with BAD identify problems with the guidelines received for medication and that their experiences and knowledge are not valued by the professionals providing care. Data from this study are in agreement with the literature with patients and relatives complaining that they are not heard by physicians and that they have no place to express their feeling, showing thus the need to be sheltered by the health team (12)(13) .…”

Implicações de um grupo de Psicoeducação no cotidiano de portadores de Transtorno Afetivo Bipolar

“…This experience exchange also furthers other aspects: patients' increased self-esteem, as they feel more values because they can benefit other participants; the development of social skills and the non-reproduction of behaviors that entail negative consequences (8) .…”

“…In that sense, individuals participating in Psychoeducational groups can be capable of understanding the BAD better, which furthers acceptance of the disorder and treatment adherence (8) .…”

“…Although the opportunity to meet new people and the possibility to exchange experiences are generally mentioned as positive aspects of the Psychoeducation group, other patients consider them negative, alleging that they make the meetings tiresome, according to them, as well as unnecessary (8) .…”

“…In general, Psychoeducation is considered one of the main strategies to modify negative aspects BAD patients experience and involves informing patients and relatives about the nature and treatment of the disease, providing theoretical and practical teaching with a view to enhancing their understanding and coping with the disease. Also, this strategy aims to help patients to improve their insight about the disease, cope with stigmatization, improve treatment adherence, teach about early prodromic signs, promote healthy habits and regular lifestyle and avoid substance abuse (7)(8) .…”