Brincar no hospital: estratégia de enfrentamento da hospitalização infantil

Abstract

RESUMO.Estudos indicam que a hospitalização pode afetar o desenvolvimento da criança, interferindo na qualidade de vida. Para lidar com essa situação, o brincar tem funcionado como estratégia de enfrentamento. Procurando-se avaliar a importância dada ao brincar pela criança e caracterizar atividades lúdicas possíveis no hospital, 28 crianças hospitalizadas com câncer (6-12 anos), em Vitória/ES, foram entrevistadas e responderam a um instrumento especialmente elaborado (AEH -Avaliação das Estratégias de Enfrentamento da Hospitalização -Conjunto B: Brincar no hospital), contendo 20 desenhos de brinquedos e brincadeiras, classificados em jogos de Exercícios, Simbólicos, de Acoplagem, de Regras e Atividades Diversas. 78,6% das crianças relataram que gostariam de brincar no hospital, o que é justificado principalmente pela sua função lúdica, na companhia de outras crianças internadas. Não houve diferenças significativas nas escolhas entre as categorias de brincadeiras. O instrumento mostrou que o brincar pode ser um recurso adequado para a adaptação da criança hospitalizada, permitindo personalizar a intervenção.Palavras-chave: brincar no hospital, hospitalização infantil, câncer infantil. PLAYING IN THE HOSPITAL: COPING STRATEGY IN CHILD HOSPITALIZATIONABSTRACT. Studies have shown that the hospitalization can affect a child development interfering with his/her quality of life. In order to deal with this situation, the act of playing has worked as a coping strategy. With the purpose to assess of the importance children give to play and to characterize possible playful activities in the hospital, 28 children hospitalized with cancer (6-12 years) in Vitória, ES, were interviewed and took part on an instrument specially developed (AEH Evaluation of the Coping Strategies of the Hospitalization -group B: Playing in the hospital), consisting of 20 drawings of toys and games classified in games of Exercises, Symbolic Game, Game of Connection, Game of Rules and a variety of Activities. 78,6% of the children said that they would like playing in the hospital, which is justified mainly by its ludic function, in the company of other hospitalzed children. There were no significant differences in the choices among the categories of games. The instrument showed that playing can be an appropriated resource to jelp with the adjustment of the hospitalized child, making the treatment a personalized intervention.

A brinquedoteca hospitalar como fator de promoção no desenvolvimento infantil: relato de experiência

“…Assim, possibilitaram um maior bem estar da criança reafirmando os achados de Motta e Enumo. 12 Os acompanhantes, visitantes e a equipe de saúde eram convidados a participar da proposta lúdica, o que favorecia um ambiente descontraído. Estas atividades conjuntas promoviam um relacionamento agradável entre os profissionais, os familiares e as crianças.…”

The Act of Playing Within the Hospital Context in the Vision of the Accompanying Persons of the Hospitalised Children

“…In studies related to drawings within the hospital context, such instrument is described as a means of understanding of the emotional aspects of hospitalised children because even restricted by the disease, they need activities that promote movement, fun, excitement, therefore favouring the adaptation, preparation of requirements and restrictions imposed by the real situation 6 .…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Hospitalisation may compromise the normal development of the children, both for breaking their routine and the process of adjusting to the new reality (hospital routine: examinations, painful procedures, schedules, visits, etc.) so it may result in the impairment of the physical, emotional and intellectual development.…”

Opinião de acompanhantes de crianças em quimioterapia ambulatorial sobre uma quimioteca no Município de São Paulo

“…Literature strongly emphasizes the importance of playing for children's intellectual and social development and to help them deal with the disease, hospitalization and pain (7)(8)(9)(10) . According to some authors (11) , when children play in hospital, the environment changes and gets closer to their daily reality, entailing positive effects for hospitalization. This turns playing into a viable and adequate resource for children to face their condition.…”

“…Indirectly, playing also influences the sick child's parents as, by watching the child play, they may feel less anguished and more confident in treatment, as play represent a sign of health, mainly in the parents' perspective (12) . During chemotherapy, including games and play is also indicated as a part of health care delivery to sick children, aimed at making them relax and permitting some control over the situation they need to cope with, as hospitalized children with cancer also want and need to play (11) . In this perspective, a new outpatient chemotherapy treatment proposal was elaborated for children and adolescents, through a partnership between the Federal University of São Paulo, the Support Groups for Adolescents and Children with Cancer, companies, foundations and the community for putting in practice the Pediatric Oncology Institute in São Paulo City, whose pediatric oncology outpatient clinic is also called Quimioteca Fundação Orsa.…”