Produção da araruta 'Comum' proveniente de três tipos de propágulos

Abstract

RESUMOO trabalho foi desenvolvido em Dourados-MS, no período de 2/10/2003 a 21/8/2004, em Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico, textura argilosa. O objetivo foi avaliar a capacidade produtiva da araruta Comum , utilizando-se três tipos de propágulos. Os propágulos eram formados por pedaços de rizomas, com seis gemas, tomados da base (3,7 g a 9,0 g; média de 6,0 g), da parte média (7,1 g a 17,7 g; média de 11,9 g) ou da ponta do rizoma (10,2 g a 23,5 g; média de 16,7 g). Os tratamentos foram arranjados no delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com oito repetições. A colheita foi efetuada aos 324 dias após o plantio. A massa fresca das folhas, na época da colheita, não diferiu estatisticamente entre os tipos de propágulos. Houve aumentos significativos de 1,40 t ha -1 ; 8,88 t ha -1 ; 6,52 t ha -1 ; 1,13 t ha -1 e 1,23 t ha -1 , respectivamente, nas massas frescas de raiz, de rizomas totais, dos rizomas grandes, médios e pequenos, das plantas originadas de propágulos da parte média dos rizomas, em relação às das bases. O número de rizomas por hectare e a massa unitária dos rizomas foram influenciados significativamente pelos tipos de propágulos, com diferenças variáveis dentro de cada tamanho de rizoma produzido. Os rizomas de tamanho médio e pequeno foram influenciados significativamente pelo tipo de propágulo, sendo maiores nas plantas originadas a partir da parte média dos rizomas, em relação às das plantas originadas a partir das pontas ou das bases. Nas condições em que foi conduzido o experimento, concluiu-se que, para o plantio da araruta Comum , deve-se recomendar o uso de propágulos formados por pedaços da parte média ou das pontas dos rizomas, com seis gemas. Termos para indexação:Maranta arundinaceae L., mudas, rizomas, produtividade. ABSTRACTThis work was carried out in Dourados-MS, from October 2 nd , 2003, to August 21 st , 2004, in a Dystrorthox Soil, clay texture. The objective was to evaluate the productivity capacity of Comum industrial Arrowroot using three types of propagules. Propagules were pieces of rhizomes with six buds, got from the base (3.7 g to 9.0 g; average of 6.0 g) from medium part (7.1g to 17.7g; average 11.9g) or from the rhizome apex (10.2g to 23.5g; average of 16.7g). Treatments were arranged in a randomized experimental block design with eight replications. Harvest was done on 324 days after planting. Fresh mass of leaves, on harvest date, did not differ statistically between propagules. There were significative increases of 1.40 t ha -1 ; 8.88 t ha -1 ; 6.52 t ha -1 ; 1.13 t ha -1 and 1.23 t ha -1 , respectively, for fresh masses of roots of total rhizomes, of big, medium and small rhizomes from plants which originated from propagules of medium part of rhizomes, in relation to the bases. Number of rhizomes per hectare and unitary mass of rhizomes were influenced significantly by types of propagules, with variable differences inside each size of produced rhizome. Rhizomes of medium and small sizes were influenced by type of propagules, which were higher in plants origin...

Influence of irrigation, planting density and vegetative propagation on yield of rhizomes of starch the arrowroot

“…It is noteworthy that, to increase production, the use of seedlings and of spacing of 40 cm between rows and 50 cm between plants gives better results, without considering the adopted of irrigation. The treatments with these characteristics obtained an average yield of 57.70 t ha -1 (± 3.38), a production gain of extreme relevance, as Zárate & Vieira (2005) obtained an average yield of 18.53 t ha -1 working with "Common" arrowroot rhizomes planted directly in the field, with density of 99000 plants ha -1 with irrigation, Vieira et al (2015) had a similar result, 17.82 t ha -1 , planting 'Viçosa' arrowroot rhizomes planted directly in the field spaced 0.80 cm between plants and 0.40 cm in the rows, with a density of 31250 plants ha -1 and dry farming.…”

“…Under similar cultivation conditions Zárate & Vieira (2005) obtained a mean mass of 77.69 g rhizome -1 and a length of 22.18 cm, 15.55 cm and 7.51 cm for medium and small-sized rhizomes, respectively, similar characteristics to that found in this study, mean mass of 74.75 g rhizome -1 and length of 25.71 cm, 16.20 cm and 8.90 cm for the large, medium and small classes. These results allow to observe that these characters are intrinsic to the used rhizomes and the way of conducting the crop (Zárate et al, 1999).…”

“…The polyethylene bags were kept in a greenhouse until the transplanting occurred approximately 70 days after planting, when the seedlings presented four definitive leaves. In this initial period, all the materials were irrigated by spraying, daily, to keep the soil always moist during the budding phase until the plants reached around 20 cm (Zárate & Vieira, 2005).…”

“…The harvest was performed at 309 days after planting, when the aerial part of the plants had more than 60% of leaf senescence. The following variables were evaluated: stem diameter (mm) with pachymeter, plant stand (%) and height (cm) throughout the crop cycle; total productivity (t ha -1 ) and rhizomes weight (g) measured in precision scales; amount of rhizomes (unity plant -1 ); and rhizome size according to Zárater & Vieira (2005) in three classes: large (> 20 cm), medium (12 to 20 cm) and small (<12 cm).…”

Productivity of Rhizomes and Starch Quantification in Cultures of Different Vegetative Propagules of Arrowroot

“…There are few studies on several aspects of the seedlings, but these deserve attention because the type and quality of the planting material determine differences in the speed of rooting, growth, and, consequently, the production and extension of the vegetative cycle (Zárate et al, 2006). Arrowroot is a long cycle crop, and it is indispensable to know the most viable type and size of the seedling (Zárate & Vieira, 2005).…”