O Supremo Tribunal Federal e a garantia do direito à educação

Abstract

RESUMO Neste artigo investiga-se e analisa-se a atuação do Poder Judiciário, especificamente do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), com relação às demandas judiciais no campo do direito à educação de crianças e adolescentes no período de 2003 a 2012. Por meio da referida análise observou-se que o STF tem adotado posicionamento favorável em prol da efetivação do direito à educação, declarando de forma unânime que a educação - incluindo a educação infantil - é direito fundamental social, imediatamente exigível do Estado (em sentido amplo) por meio de via judicial. Não obstante a importância da posição jurisprudencial assumida pelo STF, observou-se também na análise desenvolvida a falta de diálogo da Corte com a área educacional bem como o tratamento pouco aprofundado dado ao tema.

O Direito à Educação Infantil nos Tribunais de Justiça do Brasil

“…The recurrence of trials related to demands of early childhood education has been relevant, as indicated by Graciano, Marinho and Fernandes (2006), Silveira (2010), Silveira (2015) and Scaff and Pinto (2016) research. Silveira (2010) clarifies that the increase in litigation regarding this stage of education is related to its envisioning as a right in educational legislation and, more recently, its inclusion in the Fund for Maintenance and Development of Basic Education and Valuing of Education Professionals (FUNDEB).…”

“…The right to education is among the social rights that have been brought to the Judiciary. Such right is envisaged as a fundamental social right by the CF/88, in its article 6 (Brasil, 1988), endowed with full justiciability, which is conceptualized as the possibility of being enforced through the justice system (Pannunzio, 2009;Grinkraut, 2014;Scaff;Pinto, 2016). Muñoz (2006) and Graciano, Marinho and Fernandes (2006) indicate the actioning of the justice system as a means for the realization of the right to education.…”

“…Muñoz (2006) and Graciano, Marinho and Fernandes (2006) indicate the actioning of the justice system as a means for the realization of the right to education. Thus, in the last few years, demands requiring the enforcement of this right before the Judiciary have gained prominence (Scaff;Pinto, 2016).…”

“…"The growth of judicial enforceability regarding the right to education may be related to the low effectiveness of the declared rights and to the existence of legal remedies and institutions of the Justice System that facilitate such auctioning" (Silveira, 2010, p. 3). The Judiciary has been called to judge cases related to the subject (Cury;Ferreira, 2010, Scaff;Pinto, 2016). Interferences from the Brazilian Supreme Court (STF) in educational demands (Ranieri, 2009;Scaff;Pinto, 2016) have also occurred.…”

“…The Judiciary has been called to judge cases related to the subject (Cury;Ferreira, 2010, Scaff;Pinto, 2016). Interferences from the Brazilian Supreme Court (STF) in educational demands (Ranieri, 2009;Scaff;Pinto, 2016) have also occurred. This interference ends up generating the phenomenon of judicialization, which is when discussions or decisions related to public policies are brought to the Judiciary instead of the Executive and Legislative Powers (Tate;Vallinder, 1995;Barroso, 2009;Silveira, 2013).…”