Anti-inflammatory activity of propolis extracts: a review

Abstract

Since primeval times, the inflammatory process has been described in many different ways. Several anti-inflammatory therapies have been used in different biological models. However, in a recent "back to nature move", modern man is searching for natural products with medicinal properties, particularly those obtained from plants and bees. Propolis has been used in folk medicine for a very long time. The many compounds present in propolis require investigation.Physical-chemical analysis studies have not sufficiently established quality standards of propolis containing products. These standards should depend especially on their different pharmacological activities. There are few studies reporting on the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of propolis containing products. It is necessary to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of commercial products containing propolis

Chemopreventive Action by Ethanol-extracted Brazilian Green Propolis on Post-initiation Phase of Inflammation-associated Rat Colon Tumorigenesis

“…Daily intake of EEP and WEP were calculated to be 0.42-0.44 g/kg b.w. A previous study showed the median lethal dose (LD 50 ) of propolis and its flavonoids in an acute oral toxicity test to be 4-8 g/kg in rats, and no adverse effects were seen in rats administered 2.74 g/kg b.w./day for 60 days via their drinking water (37). Two-year feeding of 2.5% EEP, corresponding to 1-2 g/kg/day, revealed no carcinogenicity in any organs in male or female rats (38).…”

Protective role of propolis against histological alterations in renal tissue induced by gold nanoparticles

“…Propolis is a bee glue consists of natural resinous substances collected from plants and able to keep and protect the hives from invaders and environmental harsh conditions 17,18 . Propolis is well known for its antioxidant properties and has been used for long time as therapeutic and supportive agent 19,20 . In addition, this natural crude is being used widely in pharmaceutical industry and cosmetic applications due to its antioxidative properties and abilities to prevent lipid peroxidation 21,22 .…”

A comparative study of volatile components of propolis (bee glue) collected from Haramaya University and Assela Beekeeping Centers, Ethiopia

“…Propolis is composed of 50% resin (polyphenolic fraction) and balsam (cream), 30% wax, 10% essential and aromatic oils, 5% pollen, and 5% other substances [6]. Literature survey revealed that flavonoids, aromatic acids, diterpenic acids and phenolic compounds appear to be the principal components of propolis samples.…”