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The present investigation was carried out on forty apparently healthy mature male Westar rats weighing between 120-200 gm with average three months age. The rats wereobtained from laboratory animal unite in the faculty of pharmacy, King Saud University and were divided randomly into four groups (10 rats/ group). Group I (G1) was kept as a control, Group II (G2)was obtained ZnO NPsin a dose 100 mg/kg body weight, Group III(G3) was obtained ZnO NPsin a dose 250 mg/kg BW, Group IV(G4) was obtained ZnO NPsin a dose 500 mg/kg BW and all treated groups received ZnO NPs by oral gavage for 21 days. G1 showed normal histological structure of all hepatic tissues without any abnormalities. G2 and G3 showed mild to moderate steatosis, necrosis with focal scattered of infammatory cells infltration with fibrous tissue proliferation and moderate hepatocytes glycogen depletion. Meanwhile, G4 showed severe steatosis, diffuse degeneration of hepatic tissues with loss of the hepatic architectures, sever fibrous tissue proliferation with anti-inflammatory cells infiltration as well as severe congestion with the hepatic artery, sinusoids and Portal vein. In addition, sever sinusoidal dilatation accompanied by Kupffer cells hyperplasia in between the hepatic cords were clarified. Furthermore, with PAS stain, sever hepatocytes glycogen depletion were claimed. The present investigation was concluded that the ZnO NPs have potential oxidative stress in the hepatic tissues that may affect the function of the liver.

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ABSTRACT:Male albino Wistar rats were exposed to 10 nm gold nanoparticles at a dose of 2000 µg/kg together with or without propolis (50 mg/kg) for 15 consecutive days. Fresh renal biopsies from of all investigated rats were cut rapidly, fixed in neutral buffered formalin, subjected to histological processing, and examined for microanatomical alterations. Propolis gave full protection against glomerular congestion and renal tubule hyaline casts. It demonstrated partial amelioration against glomerular capillary dilatation, tubular cloudy swelling, necrosis, and degeneration together with interstitial blood capillaries dilatation and haemorrhage induced by nanoparticle toxicity. On the other hand, propolis showed no protective effect against renal cells pyknosis, karyolysis, apoptosis and renal hydropic degeneration together with collecting tubules atrophy and degeneration induced by the nanoparticles. Thus propolis can augment the antioxidant defence against the severity of some alterations in the renal tissues. This ameliorative role might be related to the antioxidants content of propolis that protect the renal tissues from free radicals and oxidative stress.

Copper nanoparticles are widely utilized in a variety of applications, including metal catalysts, semiconductors, heat transfer fluids in machine tools, and even in antibacterial medications. Forty mature healthy Westar rats were utilized in the current investigation and grouped randomly into four groups (n = 10 rats/group). Group I (G1) was kept as a control group, but G2, G3, and G4 were intraperitoneally injected with CuO NPs with a dose (5 mg, 10 mg, 25 mg/kg body weight/day) respectively for 9 days. Rats were sacrificed; then, the livers and kidneys were dissected and subjected to histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. Our findings of G2 and G3 revealed mild to moderate degenerative changes within the hepatic parenchyma, moderate blood vessel congestions, glycogen depletion, hemosiderosis, and microvesicular steatosis (fatty changes within the hepatocytes). In addition, at the level of kidney, our examination clarified moderate degenerations of the renal corpuscles and renal tubules with moderate swelling and congestions of the glomerulus with moderate vacuolations in the renal tubules lining epithelium. On the other hand, increasing the dose of CuO NPs, the toxicity became more obvious, where the liver of G4 revealed severe necrosis of hepatocytes with completely disorganizations of the hepatic rays, loss of the hepatic architectures, severe steatosis, severe hemosiderosis, sinusoidal dilatations with congestions, as well as severe fibrous tissue proliferation with anti-inflammatory cell infiltrations specially around portal triad with hyperplasia of bile duct. Meanwhile in kidney, G4 clarified severe necrosis and atrophy of the renal corpuscles with severe damage of Bowman’s capsule leading to completely disorganization and loss of normal renal cortex architectures, severe congestion of the glomerulus, severe necrosis of the renal tubules with damage and sloughing for its lining epithelium, and severe hemorrhage between renal tubules. In addition, severe and diffuse caspase 3 immunoreactivity were observed within the hepatic and renal tissues of G4. The present investigation was concluded that the CuO NPs have a potential toxicological effect on the hepatic and renal tissues that may affect their functions.-->

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