Ofidismo

Pinho, F.M.O.; Pereira, I.D.

doi:10.1590/s0104-42302001000100026

Cited by 99 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…Esta observação já havia sido feita referente a humanos, por Amaral et al (1986), Barraviera (1999), Pinho & Pereira (2001), que relataram quadros de epistaxe e hemorragia gengival ocorrem apenas em 40% dos casos.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Exames seqüenciais para avaliação dos pares cranianos não detectaram, em nosso experimento, nenhum sinal de acometimento dos seus núcleos, como por exemplo abolição do reflexo pupilar, "fácies neurotóxico de Rosenfeld" e o nistágmo verificados em humanos (Barraviera 1999, Pinho& Pereira 2001, Bucaretchi et al 2002, animais de laboratório (Castro 1999) e em cães (Ferreira Júnior & Barraviera 2004, Nogueira et al 2004) ou ainda, a ptose palpebral, verificada em alguns experimentos com bovinos (Belluomini et al 1982, Lago 1996. Por outro lado, constatamos a paralisia do globo ocular, em todos os animais que receberam doses de 0,015 ou 0,03mg/kg, revelada através da não-exposição da esclera durante a rotação da cabeça no sentido horário e antihorário, alteração descrita por Belluomini et al (1982) Este achado clínico constitui, ao nosso ver, indicação importante para estabelecimento do diagnóstico e diagnóstico diferencial do envenenamento crotálico em bovinos.…”

Section: Quadro Neurológicounclassified

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Aspectos clínico-patológicos e laboratoriais do envenenamento crotálico experimental em bovinos

et al. 2008

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Pesq. Vet. Bras. 28(6):261-270, junho 2008 RESUMO.-Reproduziu-se experimentalmente o envenenamento crotálico, através da inoculação, por via subcutânea, do veneno de Crotalus durissus terrificus (cascavel sul-americana) em dez bovinos mestiços. Dois animais foram utilizados como controle. O bovino que recebeu dose de 0,03mg/kg de peso corporal, morreu 7h40min após a inoculação. A dose de 0,015mg/kg causou a morte em quatro de sete bovinos inoculados, enquanto os dois animais que receberam 0,0075mg/kg adoeceram discretamente e se recuperaram. Os sintomas tiveram início entre 1h30min e 13h45min após a inoculação. A evolução oscilou entre 5h25min e 45h para os animais que morreram e entre 33h15min e 17 dias entre os animais que se recuperaram. Os principais sinais nervosos observados foram diminuição da resposta aos estímulos Crotalus poisoning was experimentally reproduced by subcutaneous inoculation of Crotalus durissus terrificus (South American rattlesnake) venom into 10 clinically healthy mixed bred 12 to 36-month-old cattle, weighing 125 to 449 kg. Two animals were used as controls. The animal that received a dose of 0.03mg/kg body weight died 7h40min after inoculation. A 0.015mg/kg dose provoked death in 4 out of 7 young oxen. Two animals given 0.0075mg/kg became slightly sick and recovered. Onset of symptoms occurred from 1h30min to 13h45min after inoculation. The clinical course varied from 5h25min to 45h for animals that died, and from 33h15min to 17 days for animals that recovered. The main nervous signs observed were diminished response to external stimuli, hypotonic reflexes, dragging of the hooves, apathy, difficulties in moving around obstacles, ocular globe paralysis, lateral and sternal decubitus, and tongue paralysis. Adipsia and sometimes petechiae in the conjunctival and vaginal mucosa were observed. A slight to moderate increase in bleeding time was noted in 6 animals, and a moderate increase in partial thromboplastin time was found in 7 others. Moderate leukocytosis with neutrophilia, relative lymphopenia, eosinopenia, and monocytosis was found. There was a significant increase in creatine kinase serum levels of a ten-fold order. No significant alterations were revealed by urinalysis. Necropsy revealed minimal edema at the inoculation site, few petechiae and equimoses in the epicardium, omentum, biliary vesicle and bladder mucosa of some animals. Histopathological examination revealed necrosis (hyalinization) of groups or isolated myocytes in different muscles examined, both near and far from the inoculation site, in all animals. The diagnosis of Crotalus poisoning and its differentiation from diseases causing paralysis and muscular necrosis in cattle in Brazil are discussed.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Section: Quadro Neurológicounclassified

Aspectos clínico-patológicos e laboratoriais do envenenamento crotálico experimental em bovinos

et al. 2008

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“…In Brazil, approximately 30,000 snakebite cases are recorded every year, with an incidence of 16 cases/100,000 inhabitants (2) . The snakebite cases predominately occur during the hot and rainy months, and typically affect 15-49 year old male rural workers, who are mainly bitten on the foot or hand (1) (3) . Snakes of the genus Bothrops (Viperidae) are known to be responsible for the majority of snakebite cases, bites by Crotalus (Viperidae) are less frequent, and bites by Lachesis (Viperidae) and Micrurus (Elapidae) are rare (1) (3) .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The snakebite cases predominately occur during the hot and rainy months, and typically affect 15-49 year old male rural workers, who are mainly bitten on the foot or hand (1) (3) . Snakes of the genus Bothrops (Viperidae) are known to be responsible for the majority of snakebite cases, bites by Crotalus (Viperidae) are less frequent, and bites by Lachesis (Viperidae) and Micrurus (Elapidae) are rare (1) (3) . This profi le has been reported in many regions throughout Brazil (1) (3) , although the epidemiology of snakebite cases in northeastern Brazil remains poorly understood, due to the underreporting of cases and failures in epidemiological data collection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Snakes of the genus Bothrops (Viperidae) are known to be responsible for the majority of snakebite cases, bites by Crotalus (Viperidae) are less frequent, and bites by Lachesis (Viperidae) and Micrurus (Elapidae) are rare (1) (3) . This profi le has been reported in many regions throughout Brazil (1) (3) , although the epidemiology of snakebite cases in northeastern Brazil remains poorly understood, due to the underreporting of cases and failures in epidemiological data collection. In addition, various social and environmental changes that have occurred in that region during recent decades indicate that new research is needed regarding this topic.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The epidemiology of envenomation via snakebite in the State of Piauí, Northeastern Brazil

Oliveira

Sousa

Belmino

et al. 2015

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: This communication describes a retrospective study of the epidemiology of snakebite cases that were recorded from 2007 to 2012 in the State of Piauí, northeastern Brazil. Methods: Data were collected from the Injury Notifi cation Information System database of the State of Piauí's Health Department. Results: A total of 1,528 cases were identifi ed. The cases occurred most frequently in rural areas between January and July. Victims were predominantly male farmers, and were typically 30-39 years old. Most victims were bitten on the foot, and received medical assistance within 1-3h after being bitten. Conclusions:The epidemiological profi le of snakebites in the State of Piauí is similar to that in all of Brazil.

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Photobiomodulation Therapy to Treat Snakebites Caused by Bothrops atrox

Carvalho,

Souza,

Melo

et al. 2024

JAMA Intern Med

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ImportanceBothrops venom acts almost immediately at the bite site and causes tissue damage.ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility and explore the safety and efficacy of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in reducing the local manifestations of B atrox envenomations.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a double-blind randomized clinical trial conducted at Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, in Manaus, Brazil. A total of 60 adult participants were included from November 2020 to March 2022, with 30 in each group. Baseline characteristics on admission were similarly distributed between groups. Data analysis was performed from August to December 2022.InterventionThe intervention group received LLLT combined with regular antivenom treatment. The laser used was a gallium arsenide laser with 4 infrared laser emitters and 4 red laser emitters, 4 J/cm2 for 40 seconds at each application point.Main Outcomes and MeasuresFeasibility was assessed by eligibility, recruitment, and retention rates; protocol fidelity; and patients’ acceptability. The primary efficacy outcome of this study was myolysis estimated by the value of creatine kinase (U/L) on the third day of follow-up. Secondary efficacy outcomes were (1) pain intensity, (2) circumference measurement ratio, (3) extent of edema, (4) difference between the bite site temperature and that of the contralateral limb, (5) need for the use of analgesics, (6) frequency of secondary infections, and (7) necrosis. These outcomes were measured 48 hours after admission. Disability assessment was carried out from 4 to 6 months after patients’ discharge. P values for outcomes were adjusted with Bonferroni correction.ResultsA total of 60 patients (mean [SD] age, 43.2 [15.3] years; 8 female individuals [13%] and 52 male individuals [87%]) were included. The study was feasible, and patient retention and acceptability were high. Creatine kinase was significantly lower in the LLLT group (mean [SD], 163.7 [160.0] U/L) 48 hours after admission in relation to the comparator (412.4 [441.3] U/L) (P = .03). Mean (SD) pain intensity (2.9 [2.7] vs 5.0 [2.4]; P = .004), circumference measurement ratio (6.6% [6.6%] vs 17.1% [11.6%]; P &lt; .001), and edema extent (25.8 [15.0] vs 40.1 [22.7] cm; P = .002) were significantly lower in the LLLT group in relation to the comparator. No difference was observed between the groups regarding the mean difference between the bite site temperature and the contralateral limb. Secondary infections, necrosis, disability outcomes, and the frequency of need for analgesics were similar in both groups. No adverse event was observed.Conclusions and RelevanceThe data from this randomized clinical trial suggest that the use of LLLT was feasible and safe in a hospital setting and effective in reducing muscle damage and the local inflammatory process caused by B atrox envenomations.Trial RegistrationBrazilian Registry of Clinical Trials Identifier: RBR-4qw4vf

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Ofidismo

Cited by 99 publications

References 10 publications

Aspectos clínico-patológicos e laboratoriais do envenenamento crotálico experimental em bovinos

Aspectos clínico-patológicos e laboratoriais do envenenamento crotálico experimental em bovinos

The epidemiology of envenomation via snakebite in the State of Piauí, Northeastern Brazil

Photobiomodulation Therapy to Treat Snakebites Caused by Bothrops atrox

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