Avaliação de famílias no contexto hospitalar: uma aproximação entre o modelo Calgary e a taxonomia da NANDA

Abstract

Esta pesquisa objetivou analisar os diagnósticos de enfermagem da North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (2006) identificados em famílias em situação de acompanhamento de pessoas hospitalizadas para tratamento de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, mediante abordagem baseada no Modelo Calgary de Avaliação. Trata-se de estudo descritivo, de abordagem quanti-qualitativa, realizado na clínica médica de um hospital escola da região centro-oeste, de janeiro a junho de 2006. Foram realizadas entrevistas gravadas com 12 famílias. Os dados passaram por um processo de categorização, identificação de lacunas e divergências, agrupamento de padrões, inferência diagnóstica e determinação das relações, a partir do qual estabeleceram-se os diagnósticos. Entre as 12 categorias diagnósticas identificadas, as mais freqüentes foram: tensão devido ao papel de cuidador (100%), comunicação verbal da família prejudicada (75%), manutenção do lar prejudicada (66%), processos familiares interrompidos (66%), interação social prejudicada (25%). Este perfil identifica áreas prioritárias de cuidado integral de enfermagem para famílias em situação de hospitalar.

Genogram and ecomap: brazilian nursing contributions

“…Papers were identified with "families" of: elderly people; 10,12,24,32 pregnant women with human papillomavirus; 23,27 women with human papillomavirus, in the form of a case study; 11 adults with arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus; 8 nursing faculty members; 29 children who were victims of violence; 31 children with cancer 2 and chronic kidney failure; [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] patients with mental disorders; 3,14,28 users registered in the Family Health Program; 19 adults with chronic kidney failure; 13 hospitalized patients; 20 adolescent parents; 7 people living in rural areas 36 and, in one study, to understand the family context in the health-disease process. 25 "Individually", these instruments were used: with mental health service users; 15 with mothers of premature children; 6,21 mothers of pre-adolescents; 17 patients with traumatic spinal cord injury; 18 children in early childhood; 26 children with nephrotic syndrome; 30 stoma patients; 22 elderly people [33][34] and young victims of violence.…”

“…25 "Individually", these instruments were used: with mental health service users; 15 with mothers of premature children; 6,21 mothers of pre-adolescents; 17 patients with traumatic spinal cord injury; 18 children in early childhood; 26 children with nephrotic syndrome; 30 stoma patients; 22 elderly people [33][34] and young victims of violence. 35 With regard to its construction, in seven papers, the genogram and ecomap were elaborated based on an individual interview; 6,[17][18]21,23,33,35 in 17 during group meetings; [2][3][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][19][20][28][29]32,34 and, in three, 22,24,30 both individual and group interviews were used. In seven papers, 7,25-27,31,36-37 the authors did not mention how the instruments were constructed.…”

“…Among the papers selected, in 19, the interviews were held at home, 3,6,8,10,12,[17][18][19]21,24,[26][27][28][29][32][33][34][35][36] in five at the health service 9,13,15,20,23 and, in six, both at home and at the health service. 2,11,16,22,25,30 In four papers, the place where the interviews were held was not mentioned.…”

“…2,11,16,22,25,30 In four papers, the place where the interviews were held was not mentioned. 7,14,31,37 As regards the meetings with the families, in nine papers, 2,6,[9][10][11]20,28,32,36 it was mentioned that the data collection resulted from different meetings with the family; in one paper, a single meeting was sufficient to collect the data; 12 in two, it was reported that, first, a relation had to be established with the family; 19,22 in four, the construction of these instruments started during the initial contact with the family members. [2][3]17,36 The other 18 papers did not mention how these meetings took place.…”

“…The techniques used in the construction of the genogram and ecomap were mentioned in 22 papers, [2][3]6,[8][9][12][13][14][15][16][20][21][22][24][25][29][30][32][33][34][35][36] as follows: participation of the family members, use of materials, such as markers and color codes by the children, and the moments when the instruments were elaborated (first or second meeting) were described in some papers. In 12 papers, the construction process was not referred to.…”