Enamel hypoplasia in a litter of rats with alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Enamel hypoplasia is an important clinical problem commonly seen in children born to diabetic women. We aimed to characterize the enamel hypoplasia in Wistar rats born to alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus rats. Groups consisted of pregnant rats supplemented (ISDR) or not (NISDR) with insulin and controls, in which sterile saline solution was administered instead of alloxan or insulin. The mandibular incisors of one-month-old rats born to these mothers were analyzed. Whitish defective enamel was found macroscopically in both experimental groups (ISDR = 37.5%, NISDR = 33.3%) but not in the control group. Mild to severe enamel hypoplasia was observed by scanning electron microscopy (ISDR = 93.8%; NISDR = 100%, control = 4.2%). The severity of hypoplasia correlated positively with the maternal level of blood glucose. In conclusion, the intensity of enamel hypoplasia in the teeth of the litter born to alloxan-induced diabetic rats was variable and was dependent on the glycemic level of the pregnant rat.

Methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves improves glucose tolerance, glycogen synthesis and lipid metabolism in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

“…Several studies have demonstrated the ability of alloxan to induce diabetes in a wide range of animal species by damaging pancreatic β cells, resulting in decreased endogenous insulin secretion, hyperglycemia and other metabolic derangements [19][20][21][22]. Consistent with these reports, rats administered with alloxan in this study exhibited reduced insulin secretion, hyperglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and glycogen synthesis and elevated levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDLs.…”

The Osteological Paradox 20 Years Later: Past Perspectives, Future Directions

“…For example, Skinner et al (2014) revealed that localized enamel defects occur more frequently in pigs that are sick at the time of death and that they co-occur with both infection and poor growth. Numerous studies have found that low birth weight and preterm birth are associated with increased risk of enamel hypoplasia and that maternal health plays a role in enamel hypoplasia formation in children (Gravina et al 2013;Jacobsen et al 2014;Masumo et al 2013;Silva-Sousa et al 2003;Souza et al 2012). Research among living people indicates that children with enamel hypoplasia are of significantly shorter stature than those without them (Lukacs et al 2001).…”

The impact of type 1 diabetes on the development of the craniofacial mineralised tissues (bones and teeth): literature review

“…According to Silva-Sousa et al [25], the severity of hypoplasia identified in the studies was variable and correlated positively with maternal blood glucose level. The experimental group consisted of pregnant rats which were administered or not administered insulin and a control group getting physiological fluid.…”

“…Enamel defects in the form of whitish fields were confirmed in macroscopic tests in both experimental groups but not in the control group. Mild to severe enamel hypoplasia was observed by scanning electron microscopy [25].…”