Ser negro no Brasil: alcances e limites

Abstract

O ARTIGO aborda a mestiçagem, a condição de afro-descendência e a classificação racial oficial do Brasil (IBGE), além de tecer breves considerações sobre os conceitos de raça e de etnia; identidade racial/étnica; e políticas de ação afirmativa segundo sexo/gênero e raça/etnia. Conforme convenção do IBGE, no Brasil, negro é quem se autodeclara preto ou pardo, pois população negra é o somatório de pretos e pardos. Para fins políticos, negra é a pessoa de ancestralidade africana, desde que assim se identifique.<br>THIS ARTICLE deals with mixed ancestry, the condition of afro-descent and the official classification of races in Brazil, and includes brief considerations on the concepts of race and ethnicity, on racial/ethnic identification, and on sex/gender- and race/ethnicity-specific affirmative action policies. According to convention adopted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), a black person in Brazil is anyone who claims to be black or brown, inasmuch as the black population is deemed as the sum total of all blacks and mulattos. In political terms, a black person is anyone of African descent who identifies him/herself as such

Racial inequalities and perinatal health in the southeast region of Brazil

“…Even after adjusting for income of the head of the family and maternal schooling, individuals of mulatto or black color presented higher risks of low birth weight, preterm birth, being small for gestational age, and lack of prenatal care. Individuals of black and mulatto colors presented an evident disadvantage compared to whites, confirming previous studies showing that the mothers of blacks study less, have a lower income and greater parity, smoke more, and receive less prenatal care, with all of these factors influencing perinatal health (7).…”

“…Silva et al www.bjournal.com.br so significant and in which "racial democracy" prevails, significant socioeconomic inequalities related to diverse ethnic groups exist in this country (3,4). Even in cities in the south of the country, where there is better access to health services, black women have fewer opportunities to receive ideal prenatal care, with repercussions on perinatal health (5)(6)(7). In the town of Pelotas, black children have a higher prevalence of low birth weight, preterm birth and restricted intrauterine growth (8).…”

Estudo normativo do eletrorretinograma por padrões (PERG) em adultos

“…As fontes de variabilidade que podem influenciar os parâme- Geografia e Estatística) de 2000 nos quais na cidade de São Paulo consta cerca de 68% de Caucasianos, 30% de Negros e 2% Amarelos (19) . Assim, de acordo com a classificação adotada pelo IBGE desde 1991, a raça Negra é o conjunto de Pardos e Pretos e significa a cor de pele que o indivíduo se autodeclara (quesito cor é subjetivo nos questionários) (19)(20) . Então, como a classificação racial é arbitrária e não utiliza o conceito biológico e sim étnico, ocorre grande dificuldade para definir a raça do indivíduo em nosso país pela miscigenação social, biológica e cultural.…”

Acessibilidade à atenção básica a famílias negras em bairro popular de Salvador, Brasil

“…4,7,15 The black population in Brazil is in a situation of epidemiological and social vulnerability which includes diffi culty in accessing health care services. 16,18 Epidemiological studies using race as a factor when analysing mortality rates in men 5 and evaluating access to pre-natal and childbirth care 13 found disadvantage to the black population, followed by the mixed one, when compared with the white population.…”