Políticas públicas de nutrição para o controle da obesidade infantil

Abstract

OBJETIVO: Analisar criticamente as políticas públicas de nutrição brasileiras no controle da obesidade infantil. FONTES DE DADOS: Buscaram-se artigos, ensaios, resenhas, resoluções e legislações nas bases SciELO, Lilacs, PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Sistema de Legislação em Saúde e Legislação em Vigilância Sanitária, que abordavam políticas públicas de nutrição brasileiras no controle da obesidade infantil, publicados entre 1990 e 2010. Foram utilizadas as palavras-chaves: "obesidade", "sobrepeso", "criança", "escolar(es)", "políticas públicas", "política de saúde", "política de nutrição", "cantina escolar", "alimentação escolar", "propaganda de alimentos", "publicidade de alimentos", "rótulos alimentares", em português e em inglês. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: O governo brasileiro, nos últimos anos, tem promulgado ações de promoção de saúde que visam ao combate da obesidade infantil, como o Programa Saúde na Escola, o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar, a Regulamentação dos Alimentos Comercializados nas Cantinas Escolares, o Projeto Escola Saudável, a Promoção da Alimentação Saudável nas Escolas, os Dez Passos para a Promoção da Alimentação Saudável nas Escolas e a Regulamentação de Propaganda e Publicidade de Alimentos. Observa-se a necessidade de implementar e de fiscalizar as leis e regulamentações para o controle da obesidade infantil no Brasil, além de promover a alimentação saudável, nos aspectos que envolvem o público infantil. CONCLUSÕES: O projeto, o planejamento, a implementação e a gestão dessas políticas devem se apoiar na busca da transformação do problema social da obesidade.

Obesidade e políticas públicas: concepções e estratégias adotadas pelo governo brasileiro

“…Studies on obesity in Brazil have addressed the issue from an epidemiological perspective 20 , assessing the impact of specific measures 6 and presenting an overview of the actions taken mainly by the health sector 21,22 . The approach to the issue from the perspective of food and nutritional security is incipient in Brazil, as is the analysis of the underlying concepts used in the public policies.…”

Relação Entre a Alimentação Complementar E a Prevalência De Excesso De Peso Em Pré-Escolares

“…O aumento do IMC é um fator de risco para doenças não transmissíveis, como doenças cardiovasculares, diabetes, lesões musculoesqueléticas, sobrepeso, obesidade e alguns tipos de câncer 4 . Estudos atuais confirmam o aumento do IMC em crianças, indicando a importância das estratégias de promoção de estilos de vida mais saudáveis, enfatizando a adoção de uma alimentação mais equilibrada e a prática de atividade física regular ainda na infância e na adolescência 1,3,5,6 . O aleitamento materno é uma das estratégias de promoção à saúde, prevenção de agravos e promoção da qualidade de vida.…”

Risk factors associated with treatment abandonment by overweight or obese children and adolescents

“…4 Historically, public policies were conducted by means of paternalistic practices, reflecting relationships that did not involve the recognition of the right to health. 5 The National Food and Nutrition Policy (PNAN in portuguese) was created in 1999, and has among its guidelines the monitoring of the food and nutritional situation; promotion of healthy dietary practices and healthy lifestyles; prevention and control of nutritional diseases; promoting the development of research lines; education of human resources on health and nutrition. Recently, the PNAN has turned its focus toward the seriousness of the problem represented by obesity in our country, such as the inclusion of targets in the National Health Plan to reduce overweight and obesity 6 The integration of the National School Feeding Program, and the creation of the School Health Program, occurred at the intersectoral level, which has emerged as an intersectoral policy, from the perspective of comprehensive care (prevention, promotion, caring and education) for the health of public school children, adolescents and young people, and aimed to prevent overweight and obesity in the years 2012 and 2013.…”

“…Recently, the PNAN has turned its focus toward the seriousness of the problem represented by obesity in our country, such as the inclusion of targets in the National Health Plan to reduce overweight and obesity 6 The integration of the National School Feeding Program, and the creation of the School Health Program, occurred at the intersectoral level, which has emerged as an intersectoral policy, from the perspective of comprehensive care (prevention, promotion, caring and education) for the health of public school children, adolescents and young people, and aimed to prevent overweight and obesity in the years 2012 and 2013. 5 Moreover, the Unified Health System (SUS in portuguese) must perform food and nutrition surveillance, health promotion activities, such as promoting adequate and healthy food and physical activity, ensuring comprehensive health care of individuals with these conditions, and controlling and regulating food quality. 5 In the case of children and adolescents, it is clear that these periods are critical for the development of obesity, because of the prevalence of sedentary leisure activities and inadequate feeding practices.…”

“…5 Moreover, the Unified Health System (SUS in portuguese) must perform food and nutrition surveillance, health promotion activities, such as promoting adequate and healthy food and physical activity, ensuring comprehensive health care of individuals with these conditions, and controlling and regulating food quality. 5 In the case of children and adolescents, it is clear that these periods are critical for the development of obesity, because of the prevalence of sedentary leisure activities and inadequate feeding practices. 7 Several health problems can result from obesity in this age group, such as hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, risk of cardiovascular disease, orthopedic complications, infertility and negative psychosocial consequences.…”