As possíveis causas domésticas da liderança brasileira na América do Sul

Abstract

A internacionalização do Estado brasileiro tem sido vista como uma consequência de sua ascensão internacional, muito embora também pudesse ser considerada uma das causas de sua crescente liderança e projeção no exterior. Neste artigo, resume-se o debate atual sobre o processo de formulação da política externa brasileira, discutindo o papel do Ministério das Relações Exteriores, da Presidência da República e sua burocracia e do Congresso. Além disso, propõe-se uma comparação original com a atuação de instituições congêneres da Argentina. Por fim, conclui-se que a menor internacionalização do Estado argentino poderia explicar tanto a perda da influência internacional desse país nos últimos vinte anos, como o êxito brasileiro na região.

To lead or not to lead: regional powers and regional leadership

“…In their comparative study of Mexico and Brazil Chagas Bastos and Franzoni (2019: 37) use the concept of "domestic agency" arguing that "one should examine not only a states' material capacities-the structural determinants-but also the interaction between its national policy context and the design of domestic policies toward abroad." Schenoni (2012) had already pointed to the importance of domestic institutions in allowing the performance of a leadership role by Brazil; a decade before, in her conceptualization of emerging middle powers, Schoeman (2003: 353) also argued that "the internal dynamics of such a state should allow it to play a leading role in its region." 20 As for Nigeria and South Africa, as early as 2003 they would be described as "giants with clay feet" (Adebajo and Landsberg 2003: 191) due to their many domestic challenges.…”

Soft or Hard Power? Discourse Patterns in Brazil's Foreign Policy Toward South America

“…The strength of both the ministerial presence of the left wing in power and the military forces has been included in the research agenda as institutional determinants for the formulation of foreign policy (Amorim Neto 2011). The internationalization of domestic actors in the Brazilian state that actively participate in the formulation of foreign policy produced the rise of Brazil as an international power (Schenoni 2012). Other authors have argued that in order to generate domestic support in favor of the Workers' Party (PT), to the detriment of conservative economic policies, President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva's strategy was to use diplomacy to associate with Third World and South-South countries during his administration Andean countries during the period studied.…”