Desenvolvimento de bebês nascidos pré-termo e indicadores emocionais maternos

Abstract

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo longitudinal foi comparar o desenvolvimento de crianças nascidas pré-termo, em dois grupos diferenciados quanto à presença (G1) ou ausência (G2) de sintomas de ansiedade e depressão materna no período neonatal do bebê. A amostra foi composta por 32 crianças nascidas pré-termo, atendidas em seguimento psicológico desde a internação na UTI Neonatal até o final do primeiro ano de vida, sendo 11 do G1 e 21 do G2. Foram aplicados o Teste de Denver-II e a Escala do Desenvolvimento do Comportamento da Criança com as crianças, e o Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado e o Inventário de Depressão Beck com as mães. As crianças de ambos os grupos apresentaram indicadores de desenvolvimento no primeiro ano de vida classificados como Normal, independentemente da presença de ansiedade e depressão materna. Palavras-chave: Pré-termo; ansiedade materna; depressão materna. AbstractThe aim of this longitudinal study was to compare the developmental outcomes of preterm infants allocated into two different groups taking into account the presence (G1) or lack (G2) of mothers' anxiety and depression symptoms during the neonatal period of the babies. The sample was based on 32 preterm infants who had a psychological follow up from the NICU internship period the end of first year of life. Group 1 included 11 infants and mothers with clinical anxiety and depression symptoms and Group 2 included 21 infants and mothers without clinical symptoms (control group). The infants were assessed by the Denver-II Test and Infant Scale of Development and Behavior and the mothers by the Inventory State-Trait Anxiety and Beck Depression Inventory. The children of both groups showed indicators of development on the first year of life classified as normal, regardless of the anxiety and depression symptoms of their mothers.

Associação entre indicadores de risco ao desenvolvimento infantil e estado emocional materno

“…The total score is the result of the sum of the scores of individual items and allows the classification of the following anxiety intensity levels: minimal (0 to 10 points), mild (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19) …”

“…Among them are postpartum dysphoria, postpartum depression, postpartum psychosis and anxiety disorders 7. Thus, as it is a distinct period of life, it is important to know which factors can prevent or contribute to stressful events related to pregnancy and postpartum moments, so that psychosocial strategies are designed to minimize the impact of psychological / psychiatric symptomatology disorders in the mother-baby relation, including in family relationships 8 . These issues concern to the extent that the physical and psychological conditions of the mother in the pre and postpartum moments are critical factors, once the bases of child development are established during this period and are intimately depend on the mother-baby relationship 9. It has been observed in the past twenty years that, for many women, pregnancy, the birth of a baby, and the postpartum period might cause psychoaffective problems, as it is the case of postpartum depression 10. Symptoms such as postpartum depression and anxiety have been suggested as risk factors for child development, and they may be associated with failure to form a secure attachment in children 11. Thus, the psychological support of the mother to her baby is very important for the formation of the self, and it is the main base for all other relationships of the baby, as well as the healthy mother--baby relationship represents safety and security for the child, which is essential for the proper development of the psychic apparatus 12. The impact of maternal depression can affect the baby in several manners, but usually the baby reacts to maternal behavior by withdrawing interaction or by showing sadness.…”

Triagem do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor de crianças brasileiras: uma revisão sistemática da literatura

“…In typical children assessed in clinics, 12.8% were suspected of being delayed, especially in the gross motor skill area 27 . Atypical conditions of children in clinics or hospitals 7,28,16,[29][30][31][32][33] such as low weight at birth and prematurity were correlated with suspicion of delayed NPMD 7,32 , particularly in the gross motor skill and language areas.…”

Quality of Life of Preterm Children: Risk and Protective Factors

“…In addition, 51.1% of mothers had completed elementary school; they had 8 or more years of formal education. Evidence in the literature shows that mothers with higher formal education often better stimulate their children with different approaches, therefore actuating more actively for cognitive development of children, both full-term or preterm children (Fraga, Linhares, Carvalho, & Martinez, 2008).…”

“…On the other hand, the income obtained with the mother's work can facilitate access to toys and other resources, therefore indirectly enabling higher stimulation of the child. Still, a mother's satisfaction with her occupation would promote her self-esteem, motivating positive experiences in relationship with her children (Fraga et al, 2008;Ribeiro, Perosa, & Padovani, 2014).…”