Efeitos cardiorrespiratórios da tiletamina-zolazepam em cães hipovolêmicos

Valadão, C. A. A.; Pacchini, Carlos Eduardo

doi:10.1590/s0102-09352001000100007

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Nevertheless, all the values remained within the physiological limits, 100 to 160 mmHg, 80 to 120 mmHg and 60 to 100 mmHg, respectively, in both groups, at all moments. These values can be due to the ketamine action that leads to a peripheral vasoconstriction, as earlier reported 45 , by efficiently antagonizing the depressing effects brought about by methotrimeprazine, combined, moreover, to a 20 ml/kg/h fluidtherapy undertaken during the intravenous continuous maintenance. As for the Bispectral Index Scale (BIS), a slight reduction occurred when animals were already under pre-treatment 46 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

Continuous infusion in adult females dogs submitted to ovariohysterectomy with midazolam-xylazine and/or medetomidine pre-treated with methotrimeprazine and buprenorphine

et al. 2007

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PURPOSE: To compare, by continuous infusion of ketamine or medetomidine combined to methotrimeprazine and buprenorphine, ketamine and midazolam, the degree of hypnosis, myorelaxation, anesthetic quality and surgical feasibility through evaluation of possible parametric alterations and recovery quality. METHODS: 20 healthy adult females dogs, aged 3 to 5 years, body weight between 7 and 15 kg, were assigned randomly and homogenously to 2 groups of 10 animals each (n=10), group 1 (G1) and group 2 (G2), respectively. Animals of G1 were subjected to a pre-treatment with intravenous 1.0 mg/kg methotrimeprazine and or 3ì/kg. After 15 minutes, a 5.0 mg/kg ketamine and 0.2 mg/kg midazolam were intravenously injected. Immediately after induction, an anesthetic combination of 0.4 mg/kg/h midazolam, 20 mg/kg/h ketamine and 1.0 mg/kg/h xylazine, was continuously and intravenously administered for 30 minutes. The same techniques were used in G2 except for the substitution of xylazine for 30ìg/kg/h medetomidine. RESULTS: In G1 there was a 1st and 2nd degree atrioventricular heart block, a longer recovery period and lower quality. In G2 a 1st degree atrioventricular heart block occurred but isolated and ephemeral. CONCLUSIONS: The continuous infusion method, besides reducing drugs utilization, prevented collateral effects allowing a more tranquil recovery with no excitations, both protocols permitted the surgical procedure (ovary-hysterectomy) bringing about a reduction in hypnosis and an accentuated myorelaxation. Xylazine and medetomidine showed a similar pharmacodynamic behavior but with different clinical aspects. The electrocardiographic alterations observed in G2 and in a lower degree in G1 must be well studied. Describers: dogs, ketamine, methotrimeprazine, medetomidine, midazolam and xylazine.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

Continuous infusion in adult females dogs submitted to ovariohysterectomy with midazolam-xylazine and/or medetomidine pre-treated with methotrimeprazine and buprenorphine

et al. 2007

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“…Heart rate (HR) showed significant increase at experimental time M10 compared with that at M15, as well as at times M5, M10, M40, and M50 compared with that at M0 (Table 1). Possibly, the increase observed after administration of the tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) combination was due to the sympathomimetic action of tiletamine, which increases HR, a characteristic common to dissociative agents well documented in the literature (Almeida et al 2000, Mello & Cordeiro 2001, Valadão & Pacchini 2001, Pereira 2008, Valadão 2011, Berry 2017.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mean values of RR remained below the reference values for the species, from 18 to 36mpm (Feitosa 2014), during the first 20 min after anesthetic induction. According to Valadão & Pacchini (2001), the TZ combination produces transient respiratory depression immediately after IV administration. In addition, it gives rise to an apneustic respiratory pattern characterized by deep breathing with irregular frequency and prolonged pauses (Berry 2017), similar to that observed in the present study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anesthetic quality and cardiovascular and respiratory effects of continuous intravenous infusion of tiletamine-zolazepam in bitches

et al. 2019

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P.I. 2019. Anesthetic quality and cardiovascular and respiratory effects of continuous intravenous infusion of tiletamine-zolazepam in bitches. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 39 (3): [214][215][216][217][218][219][220]. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality and recovery from anesthesia promoted by the tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) combination administered intravenously (IV) continuously in bitches pre-medicated with acepromazine. Eight cross-bred, clinically healthy bitches weighing 13.7 ±1.9kg on average were used in this study. After a food fast of 12 h and a water fast of four hours, the animals were treated with acepromazine (0.1mg/kg, intramuscular) and, after 15 minutes, anesthesia was induced with a combination of tiletamine-zolazepam (2mg/kg, IV) immediately followed by continuous IV infusion thereof at a dose of 2mg/kg/h for 60 min. The following parameters were measured in all animals immediately before administration of acepromazine (M15), immediately before anesthetic induction (M0), and at 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min after initiation of continuous infusion (M5, M10, M20, M30, M40, M50, and M60): electrocardiography (ECG), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), respiratory rate (RR), body temperature (BT), and arterial hemogasometry, with the last performed only at experimental times M15, M0, M30, and M60. A subcutaneous electrical stimulator was used to evaluate the degree of analgesia. Myorelaxation and quality of anesthetic recovery were also assessed, classifying these parameters as excellent, good, and poor. Anesthetic recovery time was recorded in minutes. HR increased significantly at time M10 in relation to that at M-15, and at times M5, M10, M40, and M50 in relation to that at M0. MAP decreased significantly at M20 and M30 compared with the baseline. BT decreased significantly at M50 compared with that at M0, but no hypothermia was observed. RR showed significant reduction at M5, M10, and M20 in relation to that at M-15, and at M5 and M10 in relation to that at M0, and bradypnoea was observed during the first 20 min after anesthetic induction. Significant decreases in the PR interval at times M10, M40, and M50 were observed in relation to that at M15. Amplitude of the R wave showed significant decrease at M20 compared with that at M-15. In the other ECG parameters, no significant difference was observed between the times evaluated. Hemogasometric parameters and analgesia did not show significant alterations. Myorelaxation and quality of anesthetic recovery were considered excellent. Recovery time was 15.1±7.7 min for positioning of sternal decubitus and 45.5±23.1 minutes for return of ambulation. Continuous IV administration of TZ combination does not produce satisfactory analgesia and does not cause severe cardiorespiratory and hemogasometric effects in bitches pre-medicated with acepromazine.

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“…Previous studies indicate that dissociative anesthetics (e.g., ketamine, tiletamine), etomidate, thiopental and oxymorphone, produce minimal cardiorespiratory alterations when used for anesthetic induction in hypotensive and moderately hypovolemic dogs. Nevertheless, it may not be appropriate to maintain anesthesia in such patients with these drugs, therefore, inhalation agents such as halothane, isoflurane or sevoflurane are commonly used for this purpose 5–10 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous infusion of ketamine in hypovolemic dogs anesthetized with desflurane

Duque

Souza²,

Nunes

et al. 2005

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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Objective: To evaluate the cardiorespiratory effects of continuous infusion of ketamine in hypovolemic dogs anesthetized with desflurane. Design: A prospective experimental study. Animals: Twelve mixed breed dogs allocated into 2 groups: saline (n=6) and ketamine (n=6). Interventions: After obtaining baseline measurements (time [T] 0) in awake dogs, hypovolemia was induced by the removal of 40 mL of blood/kg over 30 minutes. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with desflurane (1.5 minimal alveolar concentration) and 30 minutes later (T75) a continuous intravenous (IV) infusion of saline or ketamine (100 μg/kg/min) was initiated. Cardiorespiratory evaluations were obtained 15 minutes after hemorrhage (T45), 30 minutes after desflurane anesthesia, and immediately before initiating the infusion (T75), and 5 (T80), 15 (T90), 30 (T105) and 45 (T120) minutes after beginning the infusion. Measurements and main results: Hypovolemia (T45) reduced the arterial blood pressures (systolic arterial pressure, diastolic arterial pressure [DAP] and mean arterial pressure [MAP]), cardiac (CI) and systolic (SI) indexes, and mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) in both groups. After 30 minutes of desflurane anesthesia (T75), an additional decrease of MAP in both groups was observed, heart rate was higher than T0 at T75, T80, T90 and T105 in saline‐treated dogs only, and the CI was higher in the ketamine group than in the saline group at T75. Five minutes after starting the infusion (T80), respiratory rate (RR) was lower and the end‐tidal CO2 (ETCO2) was higher compared with values at T45 in ketamine‐treated dogs. Mean values of ETCO2 were higher in ketamine than in saline dogs between T75 and T120. The systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) was decreased between T80 and T120 in ketamine when compared with T45. Conclusions: Continuous IV infusion of ketamine in hypovolemic dogs anesthetized with desflurane induced an increase in ETCO2, but other cardiorespiratory alterations did not differ from those observed when the same concentration of desflurane was used as the sole anesthetic agent. However, this study did not evaluate the effectiveness of ketamine infusion in reducing desflurane dose requirements in hypovolemic dogs or the cardiorespiratory effects of ketamine–desflurane balanced anesthesia.

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Efeitos cardiorrespiratórios da tiletamina-zolazepam em cães hipovolêmicos

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Continuous infusion in adult females dogs submitted to ovariohysterectomy with midazolam-xylazine and/or medetomidine pre-treated with methotrimeprazine and buprenorphine

Continuous infusion in adult females dogs submitted to ovariohysterectomy with midazolam-xylazine and/or medetomidine pre-treated with methotrimeprazine and buprenorphine

Anesthetic quality and cardiovascular and respiratory effects of continuous intravenous infusion of tiletamine-zolazepam in bitches

Continuous infusion of ketamine in hypovolemic dogs anesthetized with desflurane

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