In vitro antimicrobial properties of plant essential oils thymus vulgaris, cymbopogon citratus and laurus nobilis against five important foodborne pathogens

Abstract

In vitro antimicrobial properties of plant essential oils thymus vulgaris, cymbopogon citratus and laurus nobilis against five important foodborne pathogens Propriedades antibacterianas in vitro de óleos essenciais de thymus vulgaris, cymbopogon citratus e laurus nobilis contra cinco importantes bactérias patogênicas veiculadas por alimentosAlessandra Farias MILLEZI 1 *, Danila Soares CAIXETA 1 , Diogo Francisco ROSSONI 2 , Maria das Graças CARDOSO 3 , Roberta Hilsdorf PICCOLI 4 IntroductionThe essentials oils are products of the secondary plants' metabolism and several of them are used as seasonings and medicines. They can be defined as complex mixtures of volatile, lipophilic, odoriferous, and liquid substances (SIMÕES; SPITZER, 2004). The essential oils play an important role in plant protection such as antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, insecticidal properties and also against herbivore attack. Currently, 3.000 essentials oils are known, 300 of which are commercially important in the pharmaceutical, agronomic, food, sanitation, cosmetics, and perfume industries (BAKKALI et al., 2008).The antimicrobial properties of condiment and medicinal plant essential oils have been stirring interest from the perspective of their making up an alternative to the use of chemical additives in foods. In recent years, it has been related that some essentials oils are capable of inhibiting bacteria of food origin and prolonging the shelf life of processed foods (KIM et al., 1995;SMITH-PALMER;STEWART;FYFE, 1998). Due to their hydrophobic characteristic, these compounds act over the lipids of the cell membrane modifying its structure and turning it more permeable, allowing the passage of ions and or other substances. ResumoDiversos óleos essenciais de plantas condimentares e medicinais possuem atividade antimicrobiana comprovada, sendo de grande interesse para a indústria de alimentos. Dessa forma, as Concentrações Mínimas Inibitórias (CMI) desses óleos para diversas bactérias devem ser determinadas. As CMI variam de acordo com o óleo utilizado, dos compostos majoritários e da fisiologia da bactéria em estudo. Na presente pesquisa, os óleos essenciais das plantas Thymus vulgaris (tomilho), Cymbopogon citratus (capim-limão) e Laurus nobilis (louro) foram quantificados quimicamente e determinou-se a CMI sobre as bactérias Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia. coli ATCC 25922, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19117, Salmonella entérica Enteritidis S64 e Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. O óleo essencial de C. citratus demonstrou atividade bacteriana em todas as concentrações testadas e sobre todas as bactérias, sendo seus constituintes majoritários o geranial e neral. O constituinte majoritário de T. vulgaris foi 1,8 cineol e do óleo de L. nobilis, que apresentou menor atividade antibacteriana, foi o linalool, seguido pelo 1,8 cineol. As bactérias Gram-negativas demostraram maior resistência perante o uso dos óleos essenciais testados neste estudo, E. coli foi a menos sensível, sendo inibida apenas pelos óleos de C. citratus...

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“…The antibacterial activity of PIEO against L. monocytogenes, E. coli and S. aureus was previously determined through in vitro experiments (Desai et al, 2012;Millezi et al, 2012;. However, a literature review revealed that the activity of PIEO against L. monocytogenes, E. coli and S. aureus had not been investigated in fish fillet .…”

Biologically Active Substances of the Laurus Nobilis Leaves

“…These six basic lipophilic substances of the Laurus essential oil are able to penetrate through the cell membranes of microorganisms by means of polysaccharides, fatty acids, and phospholipids destruction which compose them. Antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Laurus is described in a lot of researches [39,40].…”

“…Эти шесть ос-новных липофильных веществ эфирного масла лавра в состоянии проникать через клеточные мембраны микроорганизмов, посредством разрушения полиса-харидов, жирных кислот и фосфолипидов, входящих в их состав. Антибактериальная активность эфирно-го масла лавра описана в многочисленных исследо-ваниях [39,40].…”

Evaluación de la capacidad antimicrobiana de las hojas de Laurusnobilis y Thymusvulgaris.// Evaluation of the antimicrobial capacity of the leaves of Laurus nobilis and Thymus vulgaris

“…El Thymus vulgaris, tal como se puede evidenciar en la Tabla 2, exhibe propiedades antibacterianas a concentraciones de 150, 175 y 200 mg/ml, en tal caso, Millezi et al (2012), reportaron la capacidad antimicrobiana que exhibía el Thymus vulgaris, en la cepa S. aureus (ATCC 25923), entre otras cepas en estudio,el mismo demostró que a partir de concentraciones de 5 mg/ml se observaba la presencia de un halo inhibitorio. Nadia y Rachid (2013) estudiaron el efecto del tomillo como antioxidante y antibacteriano para el control de bacterias patógenas como E. coli y S. aureus (ATCC 25923), este último reporto la presencia de halo inhibitorio superior a 15 mm.…”

“…Sin embargo, la formación del halo reportado por este investigador es superior a los 4 mm. Así mismo, Millezi (2012) y Ghadiri (2014), reportaron la actividad antimicrobiana que tenía Laurus nobilis.…”