Effect of lung resection and sham surgery on the frequency of infection in alloxan-diabetic rats

Abstract

The present study was carried out in order to determine the effect of lung resection on the frequency of infections in alloxan-diabetic rats. Adult female Wistar rats were injected with alloxan (40 mg/kg, iv) to induce diabetes mellitus (group D; N = 45) or with vehicle (1.0 ml/ kg, iv) to be used as controls (group C; N = 45). Thirty-six days after receiving alloxan both groups were randomly divided into three subgroups: no operation (NO; N = 15), sham operation (SO; N = 15), and left pneumonectomy (PE; N = 15). The rats were sacrificed 36 days after surgery and their lungs were examined microscopically and macroscopically. The occurrence of thoracic wall infection, thoracic wall abscess, lung abscess and pleural empyema was similar in groups D and C. In contrast, the overall infection rate was higher (P<0.05) in the diabetic rats (SO-D and PE-D subgroups, but not in the NO-D subgroup). Considering that the overall infection rate was similar in the SO-D and PE-D subgroups, we suggest that surgery but not pneumonectomy was related to the higher prevalence of infection in diabetic rats. Key wordsDiabetic patients are more prone to infections than nondiabetic patients (1), showing higher rates of unusual infections such as rhinocerebral and lung mucormycosis, emphysematous cholecystitis and pyelonephritis, necrotizing cellulitis or fasciitis, and malignant external otitis (2-5). In agreement, abnormalities of all aspects of polymorphonuclear leukocyte function have been described in diabetic patients, particularly decreased phagocytosis, intracellular killing, adherence and cell movement (6,7).Since chest surgery is very common today, the possibility of a higher incidence of infections in diabetic patients after this type of surgery should be considered. However, there are few studies showing the occurrence of infections after heart (8-10) or lung surgery (11) in diabetic patients. Because diabetes causes higher predisposition to lung diseases (12,13) and considering that lung surgery is often contaminated or infected, the possibility of an infection after lung surgery should be considered. Thus, we investigated the prevalence of infection in alloxan-diabetic rats after lung resection.Adult female Wistar rats weighing 220 ± 20 g were used. The rats were housed at controlled temperature (23ºC) on a 12-12-h light-dark cycle. Water and food (Nuvital ® ) were given ad libitum to all rats.

Ketogenesis evaluation in perfused liver of diabetic rats submitted to short‐term insulin‐induced hypoglycemia

“…Since alloxan-diabetic rats are suitable rat model of type 1 diabetes 7,8 we investigated the hepatic capacity to produce ketone bodies from octanoate in livers from diabetic rats submitted to short-term IIH. Moreover, considering that glucose orally administered during IIH reduces gluconeogenesis 9 and ketogenesis 10 in non-diabetic rats we also evaluated the effect of oral glucose on the liver capacity to produce ketone bodies from octanoate in alloxan-diabetic rats submitted to short-term IIH.…”

The repeated extracorporeal shock waves and the renal parenchyma injury on normal and diabetic rats

“…Diabetes is a disease that promotes morphological and biochemical changes 6,7 that worsen the conditions of renal parenchyma and is an etiologic impairment in the follow-up of urolithiasis treatment 17. The present experimental model of diabetes induced by alloxan was enough, 30 days after 8 , to promote a diabetic nephropathy confirmed by the 24 hours microalbuminuria values 4 ( Table 1). Research in lithotripsy started with the effort to characterize acute shock wave damage to the kidney.…”

“…After fourteen days of surgical procedure, in order to induce diabetes after overnight fasting, 50 rats (Group A) received a single intravenous dose of saline (1.0 ml.Kg -1 ). Other 50 rats (Group B) received a single intravenous dose (45 mg.Kg -1 ) of alloxan 8 . Immediately after the injection of alloxan or saline solution all animals were maintained with free access to food.…”

Effects of repeated extracorporeal shock wave on kidney apoptosis of normal and diabetic rat

“…On the 14th postoperative day, fifty animals were induced to diabetes (12) with an intravenous dose of alloxan (45 mg.Kg -1 ), while the other fifty animals received an intravenous dose of saline solution. The glycemia values were evaluated in all animals from both groups on the 6th and 30th days after the intravenous alloxan or saline solution, always at 4 pm.…”