Plant height reduction in populations of triticale (X triticosecale Wittmack) by induced mutations and artificial crosses

Abstract

Induced mutations by gamma radiation (0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 kR doses) and reciprocal crosses were tested as mechanisms of enhancing genetic variability for plant height in two triticale cultivars, BR4 and EMBRAPA18. The reciprocal crosses and all doses of radiation showed similar increase in genetic amplitude for this trait, being suitable for increasing variability in breeding programs. Genotypes showed different responses as the gamma ray doses were increased, expressing shorter plant height. The decision of using induced mutations or artificial crosses depends on the resources available and the selection method to be used<br>Mutações induzidas pelo uso das doses de radiação gama 0, 5, 10, 20 e 40 kR e cruzamentos artificiais recíprocos foram testados como mecanismos para aumentar a variabilidade genética em duas cultivares de triticale, BR4 e EMBRAPA18. Os tratamentos empregados provocaram amplitudes similares de variabilidade genética, com alterações nas médias e variâncias, podendo favorecer o emprego da seleção na obtenção de genótipos superiores. As respostas dos genótipos foram diferenciadas, sendo mais acentuadas quando submetidos a doses superiores do tratamento mutagênico, determinando uma redução na estatura. Em relação ao nível de variabilidade genética obtida, os tratamentos mutagênicos foram tão eficientes quanto as hibridações artificiais. A decisão do método a ser utilizado deve ser adequada aos recursos disponíveis, assim como o mecanismo mais eficiente de seleção para os caracteres de interess

Heterosis and genetic parameters for grain quality in oat segregating populations

“…Artificial crosses allow recombination of different alleles, creating a wide range of recombinants (Pandini et al, 1997). Plant breeders must evaluate the performance of populations to predict the potential of different combinations.…”

Organic acid tolerance in M3 families of oat mutants

“…Since no selection for lowland adaptation has been efficiently applied it is essential to increase the genetic variability, which can be achieved by mutation induction (Tulmann Neto et al 1995a, Tulmann Neto et al 1995Pandini et al 1997). Mutation induction has contributed to increase the worldwide grain production and to produce mutation stocks for many traits (Coimbra et al 2004).…”

Effect of different gamma radiation doses on the germination and seedling growth of wheat and triticale cultivars

“…However, this effect has not yet been assessed in wheat cultivar seeds obtained by Argentine wheat breeding programs. On the other hand, few studies have reported the effect of radiation in triticale (Pandini et al, 1997). In this context, it would be interesting to study the effect of gamma radiation on the physiological process during germination and seedling growth of Argentine wheat and triticale seeds.…”