Achados patológicos e imuno-histoquímicos em cães infectados naturalmente pelo vírus da cinomose canina

Abstract

RESUMO.-A cinomose canina é uma doença viral e afeta principalmente os sistemas respiratório, gastrintestinal e nervoso. Neste trabalho foram analisados os achados patológicos e imuno-histoquímicos de 54 cães com cinomose de um total de 760 cães necropsiados no período de julho de 2006 a outubro de 2007. As lesões macroscó-picas observadas foram caracterizadas por corrimento ocular e nasal mucopurulentas, hiperqueratose dos coxins digitais, pulmões avermelhados e não colapsados, atrofia do timo, conteúdo intestinal diarréico e placas de Peyer proeminentes. Os achados histológicos caracterizavamse principalmente por pneumonia intersticial, rarefação linfóide, desmielinização da substância branca, manguitos perivasculares e corpúsculos de inclusão intranucleares e intracitoplasmáticos, que se localizam principalmente na mucosa do estômago, epitélios da bexiga, brônquios e bronquíolos, pelve renal, coxins digitais, pálpebra, orelha e tonsila no sistema nervoso central e em células mononucleares dos linfonodos, baço e tonsilas. Os tecidos foram marcados pela técnica imuno-histoquímica utilizan- Canine distemper is a viral disease that affects mainly respiratory, gastrointestinal and nervous system. The present study analyzes pathologic and immunohistochemical findings in 54 dogs with canine distemper of a total of 760 canine necropsies performed from July 2006 to October 2007. The gross lesions were characterized by mucopurulent oculonasal discharge, hyperkeratosis of footpads, red and not collapsed lungs, thymic atrophy, watery intestinal content, hyperemia and enlarged Peyer's patches. The histological findings were characterized by interstitial pneumonia, lymphoid depletion, white matter demyelization, perivascular cuffs and intracytoplasmatic and intranuclear inclusion bodies located in epithelial cells of gastric mucosa, urinary bladder, bronchial, renal pelvis, footpads, eyelid, skin of the ear, tonsil, central nervous system and mononuclear cells in lymph nodes, spleen, and tonsils. Viral antigen was detected by an immunohistochemical procedure using a mouse monoclonal anti-canine distemper antibody. The footpads were the more constantly (67.4% of the cases) immunolabeled tissue, followed by stomach with 62.7%. Immunohistochemistry was demonstrated to be a useful tool for the study of viral antigen distribution in distemper affected dogs as well as it indicated which is the best tissue to be examined in order to confirm a suspected case of canine.INDEX TERMS: Canine diseases, distemper, immunohistochemistry.

Epidemiological features and the neuropathological manifestations of canine distemper virus-induced infections in Brazil: a review

“…However, in some studies, proportionally more males relative to females were infected by CDV. This was observed in Porto Alegre/RS, where male dogs contributed to 59% of the total number of dogs affected (SONNE et al, 2009), and with similar results being described in Madras city, India (ALEX; DHANAPALAN, 1994).…”

“…Further, epidemiological data have demonstrated that mongrels represented the largest populations (54%) of dogs infected with CDV in Santa Maria/RS (HEADLEY; GRAÇA, 2000), contributed to 44% of CDV-induced cases diagnosed in Porto Alegre/RS (SONNE et al, 2009), and 30% of all dogs with CDV from Belém/PA (GUEDES et al, 2010). Elevated indices of CDV infections in Brazilian mongrels are directly related to their lifestyle.…”

“…We proposed that new epidemiological studies should adopt one of the several age-related distribution patterns already existing, so that the new data can be easily compared. Nevertheless, most studies that have used several age-related groups (HEADLEY; GRAÇA, 2000;BORBA et al, 2002;DEZENGRINI;WEIBLEN;FLORES, 2007;SILVA et al, 2009;SONNE et al, 2009;GUEDES et al, 2010) provide a better evaluation of disease progression as age increases; while a few used only three groups (GOUVEIA; MAGALHÃES; RIBEIRO, 1987;SILVA et al, 2007). In those studies with several age-related groups, pups and young dogs were comparatively more frequently infected by CDV relative to older animals; this is in agreement with the fact that young pups are not fully protected by passive immunization, whereas young dogs might not have been fully vaccinated and hence apt to be infected by CDV (GREENE; APPEL, 2006), on being exposed to a clinically or subclinically infected dog.…”

“…Most retrospective studies done in Brazil have been based only on the histological patterns of CDE (HEADLEY; GRAÇA, 2000; HEADLEY; SOARES; GRAÇA, 2001;SILVA et al, 2007;2009) to characterize the disease; there is a recent description of the combined usage of histopathology and IHC to diagnose distemper (SONNE et al, 2009). Although the lesions associated with CDE are unique, a diagnosis of distemper encephalitis based exclusively on histological patterns must be made with the concomitant finding of characteristic intranuclear/intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies (CASWELL; WILLIAMS, 2007).…”

“…Therefore, more detailed epidemiological and statistically analysed data is needed before the exact relationship can be confirmed. Nevertheless, irrespective of the histological progression of disease, demyelination is probably the most frequently occurring manifestation of CDE (SILVA et al, 2009;SONNE et al, 2009), and histological manifestations of CDE are more frequently observed within the cerebellum (VANDEVELDE; FANKHAUSER; KRISTENSEN, 1981;JONES;HUNT;KING, 1997;SILVA et al, 2009), followed by the diencephalon, frontal lobe of the telencephalon, pons, and the mesencephalon (SILVA et al, 2009). Demyelination in CDE is considered more severe within the white matter of the cerebellum, rostral medullary velum, optic tracts, spinal cord, and around the fourth ventricle, and might be associated with viral dissemination via the cerebrospinal fluid (CASWELL; WILLIAMS, 2007).…”