Feline morbillivirus was first identified in healthy and diseased stray cats captured in Hong Kong. Recently, it was demonstrated that the virus circulates within cat populations in Japan, Italy, Germany, and the USA. Importantly, an association between feline morbillivirus infection and chronic kidney disease was suggested by histological analysis of kidney tissue of infected cats. The aim of this study was to verify the presence and examine the genetic diversity of feline morbilliviruses associated with infections of domestic cats in Brazil. Seventeen cats without clinical manifestations of urinary tract diseases from a multi-cat household and 35 random client-owned cats admitted to the Teaching Veterinary Hospital for a variety of reasons were evaluated for paramyxoviral infection and the presence of uropathy. A fragment of the paramyxoviral L gene was amplified from urine samples using a reverse transcription semi-nested PCR assay. For the first time, we detected a feline morbillivirus strain that was genetically related to viral strains previously characterized in Japan in urine samples from cats in South America, in Brazil. This together with the recent description of feline morbillivirus identification within cat populations in the USA, suggests a possible widespread distribution of this viral agent on the American continent. Our data demonstrated feline morbillivirus RNA shedding mostly in the urine of cats without clinical, laboratorial, or ultrasonographic signs of urinary tract diseases. In contrast to previously published findings that associated feline morbillivirus infection with chronic kidney disease, we did not observe a clear relationship between feline morbillivirus RNA shedding in urine and kidney disease in the cats evaluated.
Feline morbillivirus was discovered in 2012 in cats from Hong Kong, and it was initially found to be associated with chronic kidney disease. Although subsequent molecular surveys showed a common occurrence in cat populations from distinct countries, there were controversial results regarding the relationship between viral shedding through urine and reduced kidney function. In this study, 276 domestic cats of diverse origins from Western Brazil had their urine evaluated for the presence of paramyxoviral RNA by reverse transcription seminested PCR and direct sequencing.Additionally, a selected Brazilian feline morbillivirus strain was isolated in Crandell Rees feline kidney cells, and a nearly complete genome sequence was obtained. To
Hendra henipavírus (HeV) e Nipah henipavírus (NiV) são membros do gênero Henipavirus, pertencente à família Paramyxoviridae, sendo classificados como patógenos de nível de biossegurança 4, em função de sua alta capacidade em causar doença letal em seres humanos associada à constituição genética única, carência de terapia e profilaxia específicas. O reservatório natural destes vírus são os morcegos pertencentes ao gênero Pteropus, encontrados em regiões que se estendem do Pacífico Ocidental à Costa Leste da África. O desmatamento é um dos responsáveis pela saída dos morcegos de seus nichos ecológicos e aproximação de fazendas e vilarejos. Novos casos de infecção pelo HeV em cavalos continuam ocorrendo na Austrália, enquanto o NiV é responsável por surtos anuais em humanos, desde 2001, na Índia e Bangladesh. O NiV, em particular, possui vários recursos que destacam seu potencial como ameaça pandêmica, incluindo sua capacidade de infectar humanos diretamente, a partir de reservatórios naturais, além de uma capacidade limitada de transmissão entre seres humanos. Apesar disso, atualmente, pouco se sabe sobre os mecanismos pelos quais os morcegos abrigam vírus capazes de causar doenças tão graves em outros mamíferos terrestres. A presente revisão traz informações relevantes para o entendimento sobre a epidemiologia destas viroses, a patogenia nas espécies suscetíveis, bem como a importância destes vírus nas espécies domésticas, principalmente, nos equídeos. Palavras-chave: Hendra Vírus. Nipah Vírus. Morcegos. Equinos. Suínos. Abstract Hendra henipavirus (HeV) and Nipah henipavirus (NiV) are members of the genus Henipavirus, belonging to the family Paramyxoviridae, being classified as biosafety level 4 pathogens, due to their high capacity to cause lethal disease in humans associated with their unique genetic constitution, lack of specific therapy and prophylaxis. Bats belonging to the genus Pteropus, found in regions that extend from the Western Pacific to the East coast of Africa, are natural reservoir of such viruses. Deforestation is one of the factors responsible for the bats’ leaving their ecological niches and their adaptation to farms and villages. New cases of HeV infection in horses continue to occur in Australia while NiV has been responsible for annual human outbreaks since 2001 in India and Bangladesh. NiV has several features that highlight its potential as a pandemic threat, including its ability to infect humans directly from natural reservoirs, as well as a limited capacity for transmission between humans. Despite this, little is currently known about the mechanisms by which bats harbor viruses capable of causing serious diseases in other terrestrial mammals. This review provides relevant information for understanding the epidemiology of these viruses, the pathogenesis in susceptible species, as well as the importance of these viruses in domestic species, especially in horses. Keywords: Hendra Virus. Nipah Virus. Bats. Horses. Pigs.
Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) infection can induce neoplastic lesions in both cutaneous and mucosal epithelia in cattle. This study describes the BPV types associated with proliferative lesions with diverse histopathological features present in the upper alimentary tract of a dairy cow suffering from chronic diarrhea from Midwestern Brazil. At autopsy, warts and plaques composed of multiple spherical nodules were observed in the esophageal mucosa, the areas surrounding and constricting the opening of the cardia, and the rumen pillars. One esophageal papillomatous proliferative lesion and a smooth-surfaced proliferative lesion located at the rumen entrance were evaluated by histopathological and molecular analyses. PCR amplification of partial fragments of the BPV L1 and E1 genes was performed followed by sequencing of the obtained amplicons. Upon histopathological evaluation, the esophageal lesion was classified as a squamous papilloma, whereas the other ruminal proliferative lesion consisted of a fibropapilloma. Direct sequencing of PCR products obtained from ruminal fibropapilloma DNA revealed the presence of BPV2. Sequencing of inserts from selected clones containing partial fragments of the BPV L1 and E1 genes revealed a mixed infection of BPV types 2 and 4 in the esophageal squamous papilloma. The findings reported in our investigation reinforce the association of BPV with benign lesions of the bovine alimentary tract in both single and mixed infections, as previously demonstrated to occur in a buffalo. In addition, this report represents the documentation of the occurrence of massive alimentary papillomatosis associated with BPV types 2 and 4 in cattle raised on lands without infestation by bracken fern in Midwestern Brazil.
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