Predação por coccinelídeos e crisopídeo influenciada pela teia de Tetranychus evansi

Abstract

Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da teia produzida por Tetranychus evansi (Acari: Tetranychidae) na eficiência de predação por coccinelídeos Cycloneda sanguinea e Eriopis connexa e pelo crisopídeo Chrysoperla externa. A eficiência em predar as fêmeas de T. evansi na presença e na ausência de sua teia em discos de folhas de tomateiro com ácaros foi avaliada para cada instar das diferentes espécies de predadores. Foi observado efeito negativo da teia produzida por T. evansi na eficiência de predação do segundo e do terceiro instar de C. externa. Quanto à E. connexa, somente a predação pelo último instar foi influenciada negativamente pela presença da teia. A predação pelas larvas de primeiro e terceiro instar de C. sanguinea foi significativamente menor na presença da teia; no entanto, o resultado foi contrário para o quarto instar. O efeito da teia de T. evansi como mecanismo de defesa varia conforme a espécie e o estágio de desenvolvimento do predador.Termos para indexação: Chrysoperla externa, Cycloneda sanguinea, Eriopis connexa, ácaro-vermelho do tomateiro, mecanismo de defesa. Predation by coccinellids and chrysopid species influenced by Tetranychus evansi webbingAbstract -The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the webbing produced by Tetranychus evansi (Acari: Tetranychidae) on the predation efficiency of Cycloneda sanguinea and Eriopis connexa coccinellids and of the Chrysoperla externa chrysopid. The predation efficiency on T. evansi females with and without webbing on tomato leaf discs was evaluated for each juvenile stage of the different predator species tested. There was a negative effect of T. evansi webbing on the predation efficiency of the second and third C. externa juvenile stages. Regarding E. connexa, only the predation by the oldest juvenile stage was negatively affected by the webbing. The predation efficiency of the first and the third juvenile stages of C. sanguinea was lower in the presence of webbing, but the opposite was observed for the fourth stage. The defensive role of T. evansi webbing varies according to the predator species and their developmental stage.

Suitability of the predatory mites Iphiseiodes zuluagai and Euseius concordis in controlling Polyphagotarsonemus latus and Tetranychus bastosi on Jatropha curcas plants in Brazil

“…Although there are large differences in the amount of silk produced and in the structure of the web among tetranychid mite species (Saito 1979 , 1983 , 1985 ; Gerson 1985 ; Morimoto et al 2006 ), the general consensus is that such webs have various possible functions, one of which is defense against predators (Gerson 1985 ; Saito 1985 ; Lemos et al 2010 ). The web can act against predators by repelling them (McMurtry and Johnson 1966 ; Takafuji and Chant 1976 ), by reducing their movement on the plant (Putman 1962 ; McMurtry et al 1970 ; Trichilo and Leigh 1986 ), or by sticking predators, which may result in their death (McMurtry and Scriven 1964 ; Trichilo and Leigh 1986 ; Osakabe 1988 ; Venzon et al 2009 ). Additionally, predators experience difficulty in avoiding contact with the sticky silken threads when they enter and move inside webs (Sabelis and Bakker 1992 ).…”

Agro-Ecological Management of Coffee Pests in Brazil

“…Predation by the third instar larvae on CBB adults was also observed (Botti et al, 2021). Additionally, this species and C. cubana prey on CLM immature stages (Figure 13), on mites, and on scales (Ecole et al, 2002;Venzon et al, 2009;Martins et al, 2021). A reference specification (Togni et al, 2019) needed for the registration process of C. externa as a biopesticide was recently published by the Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Food Supply and will represent a useful tool for coffee pest management (MAPA-Ministério da Agricultura, 2021).…”

“…Regarding the biological control of coffee pests, Venzon et al (2006) evaluated the suitability of leguminous cover crop pollens to the green lacewing Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), a common predator species found in coffee agro-ecosystems (Ribeiro et al, 2014;Rodrigues-Silva et al, 2017). Both the adults and larvae of C. externa can feed on plant material, while the larvae feed on a variety of soft-bodied arthropods, including the CLM, CBB, mites, and scales (Ecole et al, 2002;Venzon et al, 2009;Rodrigues-Silva et al, 2017;Carvalho et al, 2019;Botti et al, 2021). The presence of alternative plant food sources for lacewings is especially important in times of prey scarcity, allowing their presence in crops even when prey is temporarily unavailable.…”

Biological aspects and predation behavior of Ceraeochrysa cubana against Spodoptera frugiperda

“…Protection structures are reported as factors that influence the predation of chrysopodes. The consumption capacity of C. externa was influenced by the presence of the web involving the mites Tetranychus evansi (Baker & Pritchard) (Acari: Tetranychidae) (Venzon et al, 2009), as well as by the secretion of pulverulent wax that covers the bodies of the mealybugs P. citri, F. virgata and P. jackbeardsleyi (Bonani et al, 2009;Tapajós et al, 2016).…”