Interspecific infanticide deters predatorsJanssen, A.R.M.; Faraji, F.; van der Hammen, T.; Magalhaes, S.; Sabelis, M.W.
Kin recognition by the predatory mite Iphiseius degenerans: discrimination among own, conspecific and heterospecific eggs Faraji, F.; Janssen, A.R.M.; van Rijn, P.C.J.; Sabelis, M.W. General rightsIt is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. Download date: 12 May 2018Kin recognition by the predatory mite Iphiseius degenerans: discrimination among own, conspeci®c, and heterospeci®c eggs Abstract. 1. Kin recognition is important in many social insects, but has also been found in several nonsocial insects such as parasitoids, where it plays an important role in oviposition behaviour. In nonparasitic arthropods, however, the ®tness of ovipositing females also depends on the oviposition behaviour of related and unrelated females, especially when eggs are oviposited in clusters by several females.2. In this paper, kin recognition in a predatory mite, Iphiseius degenerans, is studied. Mothers are capable of determining offspring sex ratio, and cannibalism on juvenile stages is a common phenomenon. Therefore, kin recognition is expected to occur in this predator.3. Oviposition behaviour of this species is particularly interesting because it alternates foraging bouts in¯owers with deposition of a single egg at a time on a leaf, where predation risk is lower. The eggs are not scattered but are deposited in clusters. After feeding in a¯ower, females therefore have to locate clusters of eggs.4. Experiments on two-choice arenas showed that females prefer to oviposit close to conspeci®c eggs rather than close to heterospeci®c eggs. Females also showed a preference for ovipositing near closely related conspeci®c eggs rather than more distantly related eggs.5. Females tended to displace eggs of heterospeci®cs more frequently than eggs of conspeci®cs.6. These behavioural observations show that females can discriminate not only between conspeci®c and heterospeci®c eggs but also between eggs that vary in degree of relatedness. This enables females to oviposit in clusters containing related eggs and thus avoid cannibalism by non-kin and/or produce adaptive sex ratios despite the fact that the adults commute between¯owers and leaves.
Abstract. 1. Predatory arthropods lay their eggs such that their offspring have sufficient prey at their disposal and run a low risk of being eaten by conspecific and heterospecific predators, but what happens if the prey attacks eggs of the predator?2. The egg distribution and time allocation of adult female predatory mites Iphiseius degenerans as affected by predation of their eggs by prey, the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis, were studied on sweet pepper plants. The predatory mites attack the first instar of thrips but all active stages of thrips are capable of killing the eggs of the predator; however the predatory mite is used for biological control of thrips.3. The majority of predatory mite eggs was laid on the underside of leaves in hair tufts (domatia). During the experiment, females spent increasing amounts of time in flowers where they fed on pollen and thrips larvae. The risk of predation on predator eggs by thrips was lower on leaves than in flowers where the majority of thrips resides. Moreover, predation risk was higher outside leaf domatia than inside.4. This suggests that predators avoid ovipositing in places with abundant prey to prevent their eggs from being eaten by thrips.
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