Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in a horse (Equus caballus) from endemic area in the state of Espirito Santo, Brazil

Falqueto, Aloísio; Varejão, José Benedito Malta; Sessa, Paulo Augusto

doi:10.1590/s0074-02761987000300020

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…intermedia is highly anthropophilic, it is also strongly attracted to dogs and horses, which may act as secondary reservoirs of L. (V.) braziliensis 22,29,30,31,32 . The species Lu.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) in an American tegumentary leishmaniasis transmission area in northern Espírito Santo State, Brazil

et al. 2008

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American tegumentary leishmaniasis is endemic to the Espírito SantoNorthern Espírito Santo was covered by Atlantic Forest until the mid-20 th century, and American tegumentary leishmaniasis does not appear to have constituted a serious public health problem for the original settlers. Furthermore, there are no records of cases of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis resulting from old infections with Leishmania braziliensis in the region.Beginning in the 1980s, the suspension of insecticide use for malaria control may have favored invasion of houses by sand flies and coincided with the appearance of the first American tegumentary leishmaniasis cases in northern Espírito Santo. The study area was selected in order to obtain information to help elucidate the American tegumentary leishmaniasis epidemiological profile in the region, where human cases have been observed for about 20 years. A total of 2,132 cases were reported from 1986 to 2003 5 .NOTA RESEARCH NOTE

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“…intermedia is highly anthropophilic, it is also strongly attracted to dogs and horses, which may act as secondary reservoirs of L. (V.) braziliensis 22,29,30,31,32 . The species Lu.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) in an American tegumentary leishmaniasis transmission area in northern Espírito Santo State, Brazil

et al. 2008

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“…38,39 Several authors hypothesize the occurrence of a domiciliary transmission cycle of ACL involving humans and domestic animals, especially dogs and horses. 3,4,9,12,40 The discovery of peridomiciliary breeding sites of sand fly vectors of L. (V.) braziliensis supports this hypothesis, suggesting that they are able to survive and transmit Leishmania in areas devoid of forests. Even with the number of sand flies collected being relatively low, the results were relevant; since the entire monitored area (covered by the 60 m radius) was sampled, the estimations show the emergence of more than 2,000 phlebotomine sand flies per day.…”

Section: Weeks)mentioning

confidence: 87%

Peridomiciliary Breeding Sites of Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in an Endemic Area of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Southeastern Brazil

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Ferreira

Santos

et al. 2012

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The occurrence of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in areas modified by humans indicates that phlebotomine sand fly vectors breed close to human habitations. Potential peridomiciliary breeding sites of phlebotomines were sampled in an area of transmission of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in Southeastern Brazil. Three concentric circles rounding houses and domestic animal shelters, with radii of 20, 40, and 60 m, defined the area to be monitored using adult emergence traps. Of the 67 phlebotomines collected, Lutzomyia intermedia comprised 71.6%; Lutzomyia schreiberi, 20.9%; and Lutzomyia migonei, 4.5%. The predominance of L. intermedia, the main species suspected of transmitting L. (V.) braziliensis in Southeastern Brazil, indicates its participation in the domiciliary transmission of ACL, providing evidence that the domiciliary ACL transmission cycle might be maintained by phlebotomines that breed close to human habitations. This finding might also help in planning measures that would make the peridomiciliary environment less favorable for phlebotomine breeding sites.

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“…However, even though L. braziliensis is found throughout the neotropics, its epidemiology is poorly understood. This is because when an infected animal is diagnosed, the strain generally is not isolated and identified, so questions remain regarding the primary reservoir and other potential reservoirs of L. braziliensis [5], [14], [15]. Domestic animals, such as dogs and equines, probably play a role in the transmission of L. braziliensis since they are closely related with humans and are also present in agricultural and pastoral areas that are generated by deforestation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, Leishmania infection in horses in the New World has been reported in Brazil, Venezuela, Puerto Rico, and the United States [9], [10], [13], [15], [17], [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Equids Be a Reservoir of Leishmania braziliensis in Endemic Areas?

et al. 2014

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In this study, we detected Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis infection in equids living in endemic regions of cutaneous leishmaniasis. To determine the role of these animals in the Leishmania cycle, we used two approaches: serological and molecular methods. Antibodies to the parasite were assayed using the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Blood samples were collected and tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the positive products were sequenced. The results showed that 11.0% (25/227) of the equids were seropositive for Leishmania sp, and 16.3% (37/227) were PCR positive. Antibodies were detected in 20 horses, 3 donkeys, and 2 mules, and the parasite DNA was detected in 30 horses, 5 donkeys, and 2 mules. Sequencing the amplified DNA revealed 100% similarity with sequences for Viannia complex, corroborating the results of PCR for L. braziliensis. Our results show that equids are infected with L. braziliensis, which could be food sources for phlebotomines in the peridomiciliary environment and consequently play a role in the cutaneous leishmaniasis cycle.

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Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in a horse (Equus caballus) from endemic area in the state of Espirito Santo, Brazil

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) in an American tegumentary leishmaniasis transmission area in northern Espírito Santo State, Brazil

Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) in an American tegumentary leishmaniasis transmission area in northern Espírito Santo State, Brazil

Peridomiciliary Breeding Sites of Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in an Endemic Area of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Southeastern Brazil

Can Equids Be a Reservoir of Leishmania braziliensis in Endemic Areas?

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