American tegumentary leishmaniasis is endemic to the Espírito SantoNorthern Espírito Santo was covered by Atlantic Forest until the mid-20 th century, and American tegumentary leishmaniasis does not appear to have constituted a serious public health problem for the original settlers. Furthermore, there are no records of cases of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis resulting from old infections with Leishmania braziliensis in the region.Beginning in the 1980s, the suspension of insecticide use for malaria control may have favored invasion of houses by sand flies and coincided with the appearance of the first American tegumentary leishmaniasis cases in northern Espírito Santo. The study area was selected in order to obtain information to help elucidate the American tegumentary leishmaniasis epidemiological profile in the region, where human cases have been observed for about 20 years. A total of 2,132 cases were reported from 1986 to 2003 5 .NOTA RESEARCH NOTE

Knowledge of the fauna composition of anopheline mosquitoes, their ecological aspects and behavior, and influence of climatic variables on their population dynamics can help in understanding the transmission of Plasmodium parasites and thus develop more efficient strategies for the control of malaria. In the Central Atlantic Forest Biodiversity Corridor, southeastern Brazil, foci of introduced malaria have been reported among people returning from the Amazon region, north Brazil. Our objective was to evaluate and compare the anopheline fauna from a preserved environment and an adjacent peridomiciliary modified environment at the Central Atlantic Forest Biodiversity Corridor. We collected anopheline mosquitoes on a monthly basis from June 2004 to May 2006 from both these environments to understand the ecological aspects and their association with the occurrence of malaria. We captured 5,491 anopheline mosquitoes belonging to two subgenera and 11 species and studied the correlations between anopheline mosquito species and climatic variables. We considered Anopheles darlingi (Root) as the principal malaria vector and Anopheles albitarsis s. l. (Arribalzaga) as the secondary vector.

ResumoObjetivo: verificar a ocorrência de espécies de culicídeos que colonizam larvitrampas. Metodologia: a pesquisa foi realizada na Floresta Nacional de Goytacazes e ambiente antrópico adjacente, situados no município de Linhares, Estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil; foram instaladas larvitrampas no solo e copa de árvores na estrada dentro do ambiente florestal e no antrópico próximo de residência humana.

Abstract:The phlebotomine sand flies Nyssomyia yuilli yuilli (Young & Porter) (Diptera: Psychodidae) and Trichopygomyia longispina (Mangabeira) (Diptera: Psychodidae) are recorded in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil for the first time.

Most studies of the sand fly fauna in southeastern Brazil are conducted in the peridomiciliary environment of leishmaniasis endemic regions. Therefore, to increase the knowledge about diversity and richness of sand fly conservation areas, we describe here the sand fly fauna from the National Forest of Goytacazes (NFG), state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, and its surroundings areas. We also used sand fly fauna records from eight conservations units within the state of Espírito Santo to understand the similarity and relationships among them. The sand flies were simultaneously collected from June, 2008 to May, 2009 in two different environments: a preserved environment represented by the NFG and a modified environment represented by a peridomicile. To establish the similarity among the conservation units, we used a method very similar to parsimony analysis of endemism. We collected 2,466 sand fly specimens belonging to 13 species. Pressatia choti and Nyssomyia intermedia were the most abundant sand fly species. Ny. intermedia is a known vector of Leishmania braziliensis and epidemiological surveillance must be conducted in the area. We discuss aspects regarding the diversity of sand flies as well as the risk of transmission of Leishmania parasites in the area. We also provide for the first time a hypothesis of similarity relationships among conservation units within the state of Espírito Santo. Journal of Vector Ecology 40 (1): 28-35. 2015.