In vitro susceptibility testing of dermatophytes isolated in Goiania, Brazil, against five antifungal agents by broth microdilution method

Yiğit

et al. 2014

EAJM

Objective: Dermatomycosis is an infection with fungi related to the skin: glabrous skin, hair and/or nails. Oral treatment of fungal infections in dermatology has become a preferred modality for the management of these very common conditions. Although there are increasing numbers of antifungals available for treatment of dermatophytes, some cases and relapses have been unresponsive to treatment. The determination of fungus in-vitro antifungal susceptibility has been reported to be important for the ability to eradicate dermatophytes. It is necessary to perform antifungal susceptibility testing of dermatophytes. E-test (AB Biodisk, Sweden) is a rapid, easy-toperform in-vitro antifungal susceptibility test. The aim of this study was to investigate the susceptibility of the different species of dermatophyte strains isolated clinical specimens to five antifungal agents using the E-test method. Materials and Methods:A total of 66 specimens were collected from the nails, feet, inguinal region, trunk and hands. These strains tested MIC endpoints of E-test for amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, caspofungin, and ketoconazole were read after 72, and 96 hours incubation for each strain on RPMI 1640 agar. Results:The dermatophytes tested included Trichophyton rubrum 43 (65.1%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes 7 (10.7%), Microsporum canis 5 (7.6%), Trichophyton tonsurans 5 (7.6%), Epidermophyton floccosum 4 (6.0%) and Trichophyton violaceum 2 (3.0%). The most active agent against all dermatophytes species was caspofungin with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) range (μg/mL ) (0, 19-48, 2-256, 2-8, 256, 256, 8-24).Conclusion: E-test seems to be an alternative method to MIC-determination of antifungal drugs for dermatophytes species, since it is a less-laborious methodology and results could be obtained faster. Key Words: Dermatophytes, E-test, antifungal ÖzetAmaç: Dermatomikozlar mantarlar tarafından oluşturulan deri, saç ve tırnakları tutan enfeksiyonlardır. Dermatolojide mantar enfeksiyonlarının oral tedavisi yaygın olarak tercih edilen yöntem haline gelmiştir. Dermatofitlerin tedavisi için kullanılan antifungallerin sayısının artmasına rağmen bazı durumlarda tedaviye yanıtsızlık ve nüksler gelişmektedir. İn-vitro antifungal duyarlılığın belirlenmesinin dermatofitlerin etkili olarak tedavi edilmesi için önemli olduğu bildirilmektedir. Antifungal duyarlılığın belirlenmesinde yöntemler önemlidir. E-test (AB Biodisk, İsveç) hızlı ve kolay uygulanabilir bir duyarlılık yöntemidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, klinik örneklerden izole edilen farklı dermatofit türlerinin beş antifungal ilaca karşı duyarlılık-larını E-test yöntemi ile belirlemektir. ) aralıkları ile itrakonazol olarak bulundu. En az etkili antifungal ise (0, 19-48, 2-256, 2-8, 256, 256, 8-24) MIC (μg/mL -1 ) aralıkları ile flukonazol olarak bulundu. Gereç veSonuç: E-test dermatofit türlerinin antifungal duyarlılığının belirlenmesinde daha az zahmetli ve sonuçların daha hızlı elde edilebilir olması ile alternatif bir yöntem gibi görünmektedir.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…However, these methods are time-consuming and labour-intensive, and are not practical for the clinical laboratory. Therefore, simple alternative approaches are needed [1,3,4,[6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of In Vitro Activity of Five Antifungal Drugs against Dermatophytes Species Isolated from Clinical Samples Using the E-Test Method

Yiğit

et al. 2014

EAJM

“…Up until now, few reports have evaluated in vitro activity of some antifungal agents against dermatophyte species in Iran [35][36][37][38]. Our results show similarity to some previous studies [9,[39][40][41][42][43] and also in contrast to some other reports [38,44].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Molecular Characterization and In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility of 316 Clinical Isolates of Dermatophytes in Iran

et al. 2015

Dermatophytosis is a common mycotic infection of the skin, nail, and hair, associated with major public health concern worldwide. Various species of dermatophytes show significant differences in susceptibility to antifungals. Here, we present the antifungal susceptibility of a large collection of molecularly identified dermatophyte isolates obtained from tropical region of south of Iran. A total of 9485 patients clinically suspected to have cutaneous fungal infections were examined. Dermatophytosis was confirmed in 1502 cases by direct microscopy and culture. Three hundred and sixteen isolates recovered in culture were identified to species level using PCR sequencing of ITS region and RFLP. Tinea corporis was the most prevalent type of clinical manifestation (35.2 %), followed by tinea cruris (17 %), tinea capitis (12.8 %), tinea pedis (11.3 %), tinea manuum (11 %), tinea unguium (6.9 %), and tinea barbae (5.8 %). Trichophyton interdigitale was the most common isolate (49.36 %), followed by Trichophyton rubrum (18.98 %), Epidermophyton floccosum (13.29 %), Microsporum canis (9.17 %), Arthroderma benhamiae (T. anamorph of A. benhamiae; 5.38 %), and Trichophyton tonsurans (3.79 %). Overall, irrespective of the geographical region, terbinafine was the most potent antifungal against all isolates, with an MIC range of 0.002-0.25 μg/mL, followed by itraconazole (0.004-0.5 μg/mL), griseofulvin (0.125-8 μg/mL), and fluconazole (4-128 μg/mL). Analysis of our data revealed a significant increase in the frequency of A.benhamiae, which definitely warrants further investigation to explore source of this infection in south of Iran. Moreover, terbinafine was the most effective antifungal against all isolates, in vitro.

“…Effective use of plant extracts with the lowest MIC and MFC griseofulvin compared with other herbs and extracts from the leaves of plants H. perforatum, A. arabica and was C. officinalis. Among the species tested, the most resistant strain of yeast extract used, Araujo et al using broth microdilution technique, against dermatophytes and MICs for T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, and M. canis were ranged from 0.03 -1 μg/mL [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Antifungal Activity of Extracts of Ten Plant Species and Griseofulvin Against Human Pathogenic Dermatophytes

Massiha

Muradov

2015

Zahedan J Res Med Sci

Background: This study was conducted to measure the antifungal activity of the extracts of 10 plant species used in traditional Iranian medicine against human pathogenic dermatophytes. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the leaves of these plants (Calendula officinalis, Acacia arabica, Altheae officinalis, Ginkgo biloba, Juglans regia, Osimum basilicum, Solanum nigrum, Hypericum perforatum, Urtica dioica, and Anagalis arvensis) were taken and extractions were made in methanol and were tested against Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton schoenleinii, and Epidermophyton floccosum. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using broth macrodilution method. The effects of plants extracts were compared with those of griseofulvin. Results: Plants under review showed antifungal activity against all the dermatophytes tested with MIC values ranging from 0.001 to 0.016 mg/mL using inhibitory zone estimation, 0.3 to 12.8 mg/mL using agar dilution method and 0.2 to 12.5 mg/mL using broth dilution method. The minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of the extracts ranged from 0.8 to 15.62 mg/mL. Conclusions: The results obtained suggested that H. perforatum, A. arvensis, and A. arabica have anti-dermatophyte activity.