Background: This study was conducted to measure the antifungal activity of the extracts of 10 plant species used in traditional Iranian medicine against human pathogenic dermatophytes. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the leaves of these plants (Calendula officinalis, Acacia arabica, Altheae officinalis, Ginkgo biloba, Juglans regia, Osimum basilicum, Solanum nigrum, Hypericum perforatum, Urtica dioica, and Anagalis arvensis) were taken and extractions were made in methanol and were tested against Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton schoenleinii, and Epidermophyton floccosum. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using broth macrodilution method. The effects of plants extracts were compared with those of griseofulvin. Results: Plants under review showed antifungal activity against all the dermatophytes tested with MIC values ranging from 0.001 to 0.016 mg/mL using inhibitory zone estimation, 0.3 to 12.8 mg/mL using agar dilution method and 0.2 to 12.5 mg/mL using broth dilution method. The minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of the extracts ranged from 0.8 to 15.62 mg/mL. Conclusions: The results obtained suggested that H. perforatum, A. arvensis, and A. arabica have anti-dermatophyte activity.
The purpose of the presented work was dedicated to identifying the species composition of the mycobiota of honey bees in Azerbaijan condition. From the samples taken from bees, materials became clear that in the formation of mycobiota those materials (from bees, from where they live and their products) in generally participate 52 species of fungi. Among the recorded fungi, species take part such as Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl., Aspergillus flavus Link, Candida albicans (C.P. Robin) Berkhout, Cladosporium herbarum (Pers.) Link, Penicillium cuclopium Westling, P. granulatum Bainier and etc. which carry features conditionally pathogenicity, toxicity, allergens and danger to biological productivity of bees and as well as to pollution of their products. It is known for a long time to scientists that these species are dangerous for human health. For this reason, preparation of normative documents that reflect the principles of microbiological safety of bee products is a necessary task.
In researches, were evaluated 103 strains of 25 species of xylotrophic micromycetes causing white decay which spreads in ecologically different regions of Azerbaijan for the synthesis of phenoloxidases (laccase, peroxidase, and ligninase). It was determined that strains belonging to species such as Cerena unicolar, Pleurotus ostreatus, Schizophyllum commune and Trametes versicolor are more actively synthesized phenoloxidase and this process generally occurs by the inductive way. Despite this, unlike from classic inductive enzymes basal level of phenoloxidases in the basidiomycetes is much higher, which can be characterized as the sign adaptation of xylotroph macromisets to live in woody substrates.
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