Soybean growth and yield after single tillage and species mixture of cover plants

Abstract

RESUMOCrescimento e produtividade de soja após cultivo solteiro e coquetel de plantas de cobertura A adequação da cobertura vegetal à cultura agrícola e ao manejo de solo é importante para obtenção de melhorias do sistema e, consequentemente, de maior produtividade. Nesse contexto, este estudo analisou a interferência de restos vegetais de aveia preta (Avena strigosa Schreb) (AP) e coquetel de aveia preta, nabo forrageiro (Raphanus sativus L.) e ervilhaca-comum (Vicia sativa L.) (CO) no índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE), velocidade de emergência (VE) de plântulas, altura de plantas e produtividade da cultura da soja em intervalos diferenciados entre dessecação da cobertura vegetal com glifosato 480 (3L ha -1 ) e semeadura da cultivar BRS 232. Parcelas de 5 m x 2,5 m, com 1 m de bordadura, receberam quatro tratamentos com cobertura AP, quatro para CO e uma testemunha para cada cobertura, ao acaso, com cinco repetições. A dessecação foi nos intervalos de 1, 10, 20 e 30 dias anteriores à semeadura da soja. A colheita foi manual e a produtividade, ajustada para 13% de teor de água. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, teste de Scott e Knott a 5% de probabilidade. Pelos resultados obtidos pode-se recomendar a utilização do coquetel de coberturas na cultura da soja a fim de proporcionar emergência de plântulas mais vigorosas. A semeadura da soja é recomendada a partir de 10 dias após a dessecação da cobertura vegetal. The use of cover crops is important for the agricultural crop and soil management in order to improve the system and, consequently, to increase yield. Therefore, the present study analyzed the effect of crop residues of black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.) (BO) and a cocktail (CO) of BO, forage turnip (Raphanus sativus L.) (FT) and common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) (V) on the emergence speed index (ESI), seedling emergence speed (SES) plant height and soybean yield in different intervals between cover crop desiccation with glyphosate 480 (3 L ha -1 ) and BRS 232 cultivar sowing. Plots of 5 x 2.5 m with 1 m of border received four treatments with BO cover crops and four with CO as well as a control for each cover crop, at random, with five replications. The plots were desiccated in intervals of 1, 10, 20 and 30 days before soybean seeding. The harvest was manual while yield was adjusted to 13% of moisture content. The experimental design was completely randomized with splitplots and means compared by the Scott and Knott test at 5% of significance. The results showed that CO of cover crops can be recommended for soybean to obtain a more vigorous seedling emergence, from 10 days after cover crop desiccation. Palavras

Performance of cover and corn plants in different mechanical and biological management associations

“…In Dystroferric Red Oxisol, studies show the potential of black oat in reducing soil density (Santos et al, 2015). Regarding the effect of cover plants on the economic interest ones, Lima et al (2012a), observed that when using a cover cocktail (black oat, forage turnip and common vetch) the emergence speed index of soybean seedlings was higher, providing more vigorous seedlings. With better-performing seedlings, the yield may benefit, as reported by Krenchinski et al (2018), which showed an increase in soybean (Glycine max) production when using cover cropping, pointing out the potential of the black oat and the forage turnip.…”