Igualdade de Oportunidades: Analisando o Papel das Circunstâncias no Desempenho do ENEM

Figueirêdo, Erik Alencar de; Nogueira, Lauro; Santana, Fernanda Leite

doi:10.1590/s0034-71402014000300005

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Wang (2010) adapts the KV (2010) estimator to a Chinese database and finds that the returns to education in urban China are in the range 2.3-4.6%, below the OLS estimates of 3.9-7.3%. Figueirêdo, Nogueira, and Santana (2014) use the KV (2010) approach to assess the influence of family background in student achievement in ENEM, a Brazilian national exam that is undertaken when students graduate from high school.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the returns to education using a parametric control function approach: evidences for a developing country

Souza¹,

Zylberstajn²

2020

Brazilian Review of Econometrics

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This paper investigates the causal effect of education on earnings in Brazil by employing a new method proposed by Klein and Vella (2010) that obtains identification on the presence of conditional heteroskedasticity. In contrast to traditionally used IV methods, this approach yields unbiased estimates in the absence of instruments. Results indicate that the average return to education in Brazil was relatively stable at around 14% from 1995 to 2003, declined afterwards reaching 10.7% in 2014, but has bounced back to 11.8% after the economic crisis in 2015. The results suggest that the OLS estimations are downward biased and we interpret this as a sign of under-education premiums that are likely to occur in environments where the more talented ones are dropped from school and moved into the labor market earlier in life.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the returns to education using a parametric control function approach: evidences for a developing country

Souza¹,

Zylberstajn²

2020

Brazilian Review of Econometrics

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“…Diferentemente, no ensino regular há diferenças nos resultados em relação ao tipo de escola (Figueirêdo, Nogueira, & Santana, 2014), sendo as particulares com melhor desempenho, como em relação à região de residência dos alunos (Viggiano & Mattos, 2013), sendo a região Sudeste e Sul as que mais se destacam.…”

Section: Tabela 2 Desempenho Médio Dos Estudantesunclassified

Estudantes da educação de jovens e adultos na Educação Física no Enem

Pontes

Sousa

Olivares-Moral

et al. 2017

R Est Inv Psico y Educ

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ResumoO estudo teve o objetivo de analisar o desempenho dos candidatos da EJA nos itens de Educação Física do Enem edição de 2014. Participaram da amostra 305 estudantes selecionados aleatoriamente. Foi realizada a comparação de desempenho por sexo, tipo de escola e regiões geográficas do país. Para a análise utilizou-se o teste t de Student e Análise de Variância. A média geral de desempenho é baixa e observou-se diferenças significativas no desempenho entre os sexos, visto que os homens obtiveram notas maiores que as mulheres, mas não quanto ao tipo de escola e entre as regiões do Brasil. Palavras-chave: Avaliação Educacional, Programas Nacionais, Educação Física, Escola pública, Educação de adultos AbstractThe study had the aim of analyzing the performance of the EJA candidates in the Physical Education items of the Enem 2014 edition. 305 students randomly selected participated in the sample. The performance by sex, type of school and geographic regions of the country was compared. For the analysis, Student's t-test and Variance Analysis were used. The overall mean performance is low and there were significant differences in performance between the sexes, since men scored higher than women, but not in the type of school and in the regions of Brazil. Keywords: Educational Assessment, National Programs, Physical Education, Public School, Adult Education IntroduçãoNo Brasil, a Educação Básica para o público jovem e adulto, ou seja, aqueles que não tiveram acesso na idade própria, é assegurada gratuitamente pela Lei 9394 de 1996 que estabelece as Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional -LDBEN (Brasil, 2005). A lei também assegura a oferta de exames pelo governo para fins de reconhecimento (certificação) de habilidades adquiridas por meios informais. Como mostra Machado (2009) (Pontes Jr, Sousa, & Silva, 2015), contribuem para a nota final. Isso demonstra a relevância desses conteúdos, indicando que sua apropriação pelos candidatos contribui para sua formação geral. Além disso, segundo a Lei 9394/96, a Educação Física é conteúdo obrigatório em todos os níveis da Educação Básica (Brasil, 2005) No entanto, vale ressaltar que esse grupo de estudantes da Educação de Jovens e Adultos possuem características peculiares. Di Pierro (2008) enfatiza essa especificidade, não só no Brasil, mas em toda a América Latina, em que esse público vem de um contexto social precário, com alto índice de pobreza, principalmente os da zona rural, se agravando ainda mais quando se trata de negros e indígenas. Cabe apontar a necessidade de melhor análise da qualidade do ensino oferecido a esse público, dada a grande heterogeneidade dos interessados.Por conta disso, Gomes e Carnille (2003) identificaram em estudo com grupos focais com alunos do Ensino Médio regular e da EJA que: a) a EJA é um âmbito escolhido pelos que tinham poucas perspectivas futuras; b) para os que dispendiam de mais condições de estudo e vislumbravam um futuro promissor, mesmo fora de faixa de idade, procuravam o ensino regular e; c) que os certificados da EJA são vis...

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“…The Enem generates many controversies in the country (Dutra & Santos 2017, Andriola 2011, Santos 2011, Figueirêdo et al 2014, Mello Neto et al 2014, Waltenberg 2009, Diaz 2010, Schwartzman & Knobel 2016. While some perceive it as a breakthrough in the educational system, functioning as a unified nationwide entrance examination, others consider it to be an amplifier of the inequalities that characterize the educational system: regional, social, racial, and other inequalities.…”

Section: Improving Admission Policies In Higher Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher education challenges in Brazil

Sampaio

Carneiro

Andrade

et al. 2017

Sotls

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Following the international trend, higher education in Brazil is going through important transformations, including the widening of access and the growth of enrollment numbers. From the beginning of the century the number of enrollments tripled, reaching more than eight million students in 2015. Here we discuss some factors that converged to cause this expansion, and we try to indicate the main challenges of the Brazilian higher education system. We begin with a brief analysis of the federal program of loans for students enrolled in private institutions, and the program for increasing the number of places in public institutions. We then point out, in some detail, the current challenges that the Brazilian higher education system faces: i) maintenance of the pace of growth of enrollments; ii) improvement of efficacy, with a reduction of dropouts and a larger number of graduates; iii) development of access mechanisms; and iv) awareness of the diversity of the offer of post-secondary education in the country. Although these challenges are also present in most of the systems that made a move towards the democratization of access to higher education, in Brazil these challenges are faced in the context of a wide privatization and commodification of this level of education, together with a strong economic and fiscal crisis. Besides that, there is a rather strong valorization of a unique model of higher education based on the research university, which in fact corresponds to a small part of the national system. How to cite this article: SAMPAIO, Helena; CARNEIRO, Ana Maria; DE ANDRADE, Cibele Yahn; KNOBEL, M. Higher education challenges in Brazil. Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in the South, [S.l.], v. 1, n. 1, p. 39-59, sep. 2017. Available at: <http://sotl-south-journal.net/?journal=sotls&page=article&op=view&path%5B%5D=12>. Date accessed: 12 sep. 2017. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Igualdade de Oportunidades: Analisando o Papel das Circunstâncias no Desempenho do ENEM

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

Estimating the returns to education using a parametric control function approach: evidences for a developing country

Estimating the returns to education using a parametric control function approach: evidences for a developing country

Estudantes da educação de jovens e adultos na Educação Física no Enem

Higher education challenges in Brazil

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