Anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antipyretic effects of methanol extract of Cariniana rubra stem bark in animal models

Abstract

Cariniana rubra Miers (Lecythidaceae), popularly known as "jequitibá-vermelho", is a large Brazilian tree whose bark is used in infusion and decoction for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. This study aims to assess the anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antipyretic effects of Cariniana rubra methanolic stem bark extract (EMCr) using experimental animals. Anti-inflammatory activity of EMCr was tested on carrageenan and dextran-induced rat paw edema, carrageenan-induced pleurisy in rats and acetic acid-increase vascular permeability in mice. Antinociceptive and antipyretic activities were evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin and hot-plate tests in mice, as well as brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia in rats. The extract inhibitied carrageenan and dextran-induced edema, reduced exudate volume and leukocyte migration on the carrageenan-induced pleurisy and on the vascular permeability increase induced by acetic acid. The EMCr inhibited nociception on the acetic acid-induced writhing and in the second phase of formalin test, and decreased rectal temperature. It was, however, inactive against thermal nociception. Phytochemical analysis with EMCr showed the occurrence of saponins, triterpenes, sterols and phenolic compounds. Phytosterols (β-sitosterol, stigmasterol), pentacyclic triterpenes (α-and β-amyrin as a mixture), arjunolic acid, a phytosterol glycoside (sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside), and triterpenoid saponins (28-β-glucopyranosyl-23-O-acetyl arjunolic acid; 3-O-β-glucopyranosyl arjunolic acid and 28-O-[α-L-Rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-glucopyranosyl]-23-O-acetyl arjunolic acid) were the main identified compounds. It can be presumed that EMCr caused their effects by inhibiting the liberation and/or action of different inflammatory mediators. These findings support the traditional use of Cariniana rubra preparations to treat inflammation.

Synthesis and Anti-Inflammatory Activity Evaluation of 5-(1-Benzyl-1H-[1,2,3]Triazol-4-yl)-4-Phenyl- 4H-[1,2,4]Triazole-3-Thiol Derivatives

“…After 10 h, solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to give 23 (82%) yield. 19 1-Benzyl-1H- [1,2,3]triazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (23, 12 g, 0.055 mol) in anhydrous ethanol (50 ml), hydrazine hydrate (80%, 20 mL) was added and refluxed (80℃). After 48 h, solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, the precipitate was filtered and recrystallized from methanol and petroleum ether to give to 22 (80%) yield.…”

“…1 There are many possible causes of inflammation, but the basic pathological changes are quite similar, such as tissue and cell degeneration, partial response for micro-vascular leakage of blood components, necrosis, hyperplasia, and repair. 2,3 The inflammatory response is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain. 4 These symptoms present significant issues for managing many diseases such as arthritis, cancer, and diabetes.…”

“…[11][12][13]16 In order to search new compounds with higher anti-inflammatory activities and lower toxicity, 1,2,3-triazole and 1,2,4-triazole derivatives were designed on the basis of association principle. All of these 5-(1-Benzyl-1H- [1,2,3]triazol-4-yl)-4-phenyl-4H- [1,2,4] triazole-3-thiol derivatives were synthesized, and then the anti-inflammatory activities (in vitro) were evaluated.…”

Ação carrapaticida sobre Rhipicephalus microplus dos extratos, frações e compostos obtidos da espécie Lecythis lurida (Lecythidaceae)

“…Desse estudo obtiveram-se ainda substâncias em mistura, a primeira mistura foi obtida da reunião das subfrações de 16 a 24, uma mistura de triterpenos (CARVALHO et al, 1988;CURSINO et al, 2009 Apesar dos extratos obtidos a frio e a quente de L. lurida não terem apresentado eiciência sobre larvas de carrapatos bovinos, outras plantas pertencentes à família Lecythidaceae apresentam componentes bioativos sobre fungos, apresentando inibição de até 70% do crescimento de fungos patogênicos, e ação antiinflamatória e antiartrítica (HUSSIN et al, 2009). Outros estudos feitos com plantas da mesma família utilizando extrato metanólico da casca obtiveram efeitos antiinlamatórios, antinociceptiva, antipirético (SANTOS et al, 2011) e bactericida (PRABHAKARAN et al, 2014).…”

Evaluation of anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects of ethanolic extract of <i>Pedalium murex</i> linn. fruits

“…Indigenous medicinal plants can be a source of newer anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs. The traditional knowledge on the medicinal plants should be assessed under laboratory conditions using appropriate methodology if the traditional claims are evidencesupported (Santos et al, 2011). The ethno pharmacological approach provides specific targets for a possible development of new plant-derived drugs.…”