Cariniana rubra Miers (Lecythidaceae), popularly known as "jequitibá-vermelho", is a large Brazilian tree whose bark is used in infusion and decoction for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. This study aims to assess the anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antipyretic effects of Cariniana rubra methanolic stem bark extract (EMCr) using experimental animals. Anti-inflammatory activity of EMCr was tested on carrageenan and dextran-induced rat paw edema, carrageenan-induced pleurisy in rats and acetic acid-increase vascular permeability in mice. Antinociceptive and antipyretic activities were evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin and hot-plate tests in mice, as well as brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia in rats. The extract inhibitied carrageenan and dextran-induced edema, reduced exudate volume and leukocyte migration on the carrageenan-induced pleurisy and on the vascular permeability increase induced by acetic acid. The EMCr inhibited nociception on the acetic acid-induced writhing and in the second phase of formalin test, and decreased rectal temperature. It was, however, inactive against thermal nociception. Phytochemical analysis with EMCr showed the occurrence of saponins, triterpenes, sterols and phenolic compounds. Phytosterols (β-sitosterol, stigmasterol), pentacyclic triterpenes (α-and β-amyrin as a mixture), arjunolic acid, a phytosterol glycoside (sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside), and triterpenoid saponins (28-β-glucopyranosyl-23-O-acetyl arjunolic acid; 3-O-β-glucopyranosyl arjunolic acid and 28-O-[α-L-Rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-glucopyranosyl]-23-O-acetyl arjunolic acid) were the main identified compounds. It can be presumed that EMCr caused their effects by inhibiting the liberation and/or action of different inflammatory mediators. These findings support the traditional use of Cariniana rubra preparations to treat inflammation.
Introdução: O vírus SARS-CoV-2 através da proteína spike que se encontra em sua superfície, tem a capacidade de se ligar ao receptor da enzima conversora de angiotensina-2 (ECA-2) humana e propiciar o desenvolvimento da doença. Objetivo: analisar as severidades dos marcadores cardiovasculares (troponina), tromboembólicos (Dímero-D) e inflamatórios (PCR) em pacientes com COVID-19. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa, avaliando quali e quantitativamente os artigos no período de 2020 e 2021, analisando os marcadores supracitados e sua relação com a boa evolução e óbito. Resultados e discussão: Em pacientes com COVID-19 foi identificado a presença de tromboembolismo venoso, justificado por um estado de hipercoagulabilidade e alterações hematológicas, demonstrando elevados níveis de dímero D, esse que pode estar elevado nessas condições devido a ativação simultânea de fibrinólise. A inflamação do miocárdio na doença é consistente e pode ser ocasionada por alguns mecanismos patogênicos, como tempestade de citocinas, lesão direta, dentre outros. A manifestação clínica predominante da COVID-19 é a pneumonia viral podendo causar inúmeros distúrbios cardiovasculares como lesão miocárdica, arritmias, síndrome coronariana aguda e tromboembolismo, além de um estado inflamatório agudo instalado evidenciado pela observação de biomarcadores inflamatórios. Conclusão: Assim, conclui-se que há correlação positiva com a severidade inflamatória, cardiovascular e distúrbios tromboembólicos com o desfecho favorável ou desfavorável da patologia.
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