Development of Brazilian prototypes for short-term psychotherapies

Abstract

Introduction: The Psychotherapy Process Q-Set (PQS) prototype method is used to measure the extent to which ideal processes of different psychotherapies are present in real cases, allowing researchers to examine how adherence to these models relates to or predicts change. Results from studies of short-term psychotherapies suggest that the original psychodynamic prototype is more suitable for studying psychoanalysis and long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy than its time-limited counterparts. Furthermore, culture probably influences how therapies are typically conducted in a given country. Therefore, it seems appropriate to develop Brazilian prototypes on which to base studies of short-term psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral processes in this country. Objective: To develop prototypes for studying processes of short-term psychotherapies and to examine the degree of adherence of two real psychotherapy cases to these models. Methods: Expert clinicians used the PQS to rate a hypothetical ideal session of either short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (STPP) or cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Ratings were submitted to Q-type factor analysis to confirm the two groups. Regressive factor scores were rank ordered to describe the prototypes. These ideal models were correlated with ratings of actual therapy processes in two complete psychotherapy cases, one STPP and the other CBT. Results: Agreement levels between expert ratings were high and the two ideal models were confirmed. As expected, the PQS ratings for actual STPP and CBT cases had significant correlations with their respective ideal models, but the STPP case also adhered to the CBT prototype. Conclusion: Overall, the findings reveal the adequacy of the prototypes for time-limited therapies, providing initial support of their validity.

Smartphone-Based Psychotherapeutic Micro-Interventions to Improve Mood in a Real-World Setting

“…First, we did not include a randomized control condition. Therefore, we cannot determine which factors led to the mood related changes, and we cannot exclude changes in mood driven by digital placebo effects (Torous and Firth, 2016 ), which, however, is an issue not only in our study but in numerous other studies on the effects of psychotherapeutic interventions (Ioannidis, 2016 ). Future studies should estimate the effects of micro-interventions on mood within larger randomized controlled trials.…”

Development of Brazilian prototypes for child psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy

“…4,6 Based on comparison of prototypes with real videorecorded psychotherapy sessions, studies have reported that PDT and CBT treatments exhibit characteristics of both theoretical approaches simultaneously. 4,5,7 Moreover, these studies have demonstrated that characteristics of the dyad influence how similar real sessions are to the prototypes.…”

“…These descriptions are used to profile the main characteristics of different intervention models (e.g., psychodynamic, cognitivebehavioral) and to assess whether real treatments correspond to their theoretical assumptions. 4,5 Beyond providing a description of the features of treatments, psychotherapy prototypes are also useful for identifying which elements of treatment are common to all modalities (i.e., are common factors) and which are exclusive to a given approach (i.e., are specific factors). 4,5 Furthermore, prototypes allow for analysis of which "active ingredients" correlate with outcomes, as already addressed in the field of adult psychotherapy research.…”

“…4,5 Beyond providing a description of the features of treatments, psychotherapy prototypes are also useful for identifying which elements of treatment are common to all modalities (i.e., are common factors) and which are exclusive to a given approach (i.e., are specific factors). 4,5 Furthermore, prototypes allow for analysis of which "active ingredients" correlate with outcomes, as already addressed in the field of adult psychotherapy research. 4,6 Based on comparison of prototypes with real videorecorded psychotherapy sessions, studies have reported that PDT and CBT treatments exhibit characteristics of both theoretical approaches simultaneously.…”

Comparando a Psicoterapia Psicodinâmica de uma menina com modelos de Psicoterapia Psicodinâmica e Terapia Cognitivo- Comportamental

“…A partir de estudos que adotaram protótipos para a investigação de processos terapêuticos reais com pacientes adultos, evidenciou-se que as psicoterapias, na prática, nem sempre correspondem aos seus pressupostos teóricos, e que um mesmo tratamento pode incluir aspectos prototípicos de diferentes abordagens (Ablon & Jones, 2002;Serralta & Ablon, 2016). Além disso, achados indicaram que os mecanismos que explicam o sucesso de um determinado tratamento podem ser melhor explicados por fatores prototípicos de outros tratamentos (Ablon & Jones, 1998;Serralta, Pole, Nunes, Eizirik, & Olsen, 2010 (Goodman et al, 2016).…”