Bioética e processos de religiosidade entre os pacientes com doenças terminais no Brasil

Abstract

ResumoOs avanços tecnocientíficos das últimas décadas contribuíram para o aumento do número de pacientes com doenças terminais no mundo. Em decorrência da milenar conexão entre a fase de terminalidade de vida e os processos espiritualistas, esse fato assumiu aspectos peculiares no Brasil, país em que o número de segmentos religiosos/espiritualistas multiplicou-se nas últimas décadas. Este trabalho procura mostrar que a diversificação das necessidades de pacientes brasileiros com referência ao bem-estar espiritual na fase final da vida pode gerar dilemas bioéticos novos para o profissional da saúde que não conheça os fundamentos das principais correntes espiritualistas do país. Defendendo que tal conhecimento é ferramenta útil para o profissional da saúde que quer observar os princípios da beneficência e do respeito à autonomia do paciente, o texto disponibiliza algumas orientações básicas das principais linhas espiritualistas brasileiras sobre os processos da morte e do morrer. Palavras-chave: Bioética. Autonomia. Testamento vital. Terminalidade de vida. Crenças religiosas. Paciente terminal. Doença terminal. Resumen Bioética y procesos de religiosidad entre los pacientes con enfermedades terminales en BrasilLos avances tecnocientíficos de las últimas décadas contribuyeron para aumentar la cantidad de pacientes con enfermedades terminales en el mundo. Por consecuencia de la milenaria conexión entre la fase de terminación de la vida y los procesos espiritualistas, este hecho adquirió aspectos peculiares en Brasil, país en que el número de segmentos religiosos/espiritualistas se multiplicó los últimos años. El presente trabajo busca mostrar que la diversificación de las necesidades de pacientes brasileños en relación al bienestar espiritual en la fase final de la vida puede generar nuevos dilemas bioéticos al profesional de salud que ignore los fundamentos de las principales corrientes espiritualistas del país. Defendiendo que este conocimiento se constituya en herramienta útil para el profesional de sanidad que desee observar los principios de beneficencia y respeto a la autonomía del paciente, el texto dispone las orientaciones básicas de las principales líneas espiritualistas brasileñas sobre los procesos de muerte y de morir. Palabras-clave: Bioética. Autonomía. Testamento vital. Terminación de la vida. Creencias religiosas. Paciente terminal. Enfermedad terminal. Abstract Bioethics and religious processes among terminally ill patients in BrazilThe techno scientific advances in the last decades have contributed to increase the number of terminally ill patients in the world. Given the millenary connection between life's terminal phase and spiritualist processes, this fact has gained peculiar shades in Brazil, a country where the number of religious/spiritualist-oriented segments has also multiplied in the last decades. This study seeks to demonstrate that the diversification of Brazilian terminally ill patients' needs regarding the spiritual wellbeing may bring about new bioethical dilemmas for health professio...

Religião no tratamento da doença renal crônica: comparação entre médicos e pacientes

“…If one of these is in poor condition, it reflects on the others, and destabilizes us emotionally, which is significant for chronic kidney disease." This feeling is consistent with the trend found in recent studies 28,29 which emphasizes the importance of considering cultural and psychosocial characteristics as determinants of indi- vidual and group behavior in the medical clinic, which can facilitate coping with the disease, adherence to treatment and the search for a better quality of life 30 .…”

Reflexão sobre a morte e o morrer na UTI: a perspectiva do profissional

“…Urbanization and the development of science and technology have promoted a significant increase in life expectancy and in quality of life. On the other hand, these changes brought with them a distancing from one's consciousness of the finiteness of life -or, more appropriately, the concept of death and the process of dying -due to it being directly affected by the extension of the period known as the final days, i.e., the time period during which is it possible to maintain someone alive 3 .…”

Therapeutic Actions Promoted To Terminal Patient: Professional Experience At Home Care Service

“…Studies show that spirituality, inevitably, is present in times of distress and it is notable especially in individuals with a disease that threatens life. [28,[38][39] When it comes to religion, professionals who participated of this study highlighted the respect and religious diversity, and contemplated the faith as a crucial point to proceed with actions directed to the spiritual evolution of the patient, highlighting prayer as the intervention strategy. In this sense, authors recommend that health services offer spiritual and religious support, through institutional groups or Chaplaincy Service, without imposing religious preference, respecting the beliefs and values of the patient and his family.…”

“…Such practices govern the spiritual transcendence and the well-being of the patient, and comfort relatives at the time of mourning. [39] The interventions that maximize benefits and promote the improvement of the quality of life of terminally ill are of great importance in the therapeutic context. So, it is very important that professionals pay attention to aspects involving the psychosocial and spiritual dimensions that make up the human totality, which arises in the course of the development of a chronic disease with no prospect of cure.…”