Quality and Antioxidant Activiy of Tomato Cultivated Under Different Sources and Doses of Nitrogen

Abstract

-Tomatoes are an important component of the human diet because they are rich in minerals and antioxidants that sequester free radicals in cells, preventing various disorders that affect human health. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effects of different nitrogen sources and concentrations on antioxidant capacity and physical and chemical quality of tomato fruit. The experiment was conducted in Vitória da Conquista, state of Bahia, Brazil, in the experimental field of Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia. The experimental setup included a randomized block design with four replicates in a factorial layout of 3 × 3 + 1 (control), for a total of 40 plots. The three treatments comprised different nitrogen sources (calcium nitrate, urea, and ammonium sulfate), applied in three doses (140, 280, and 420 kg ha -1 ). We evaluated firmness, pH, titratable acidity -TA, soluble solid -SS, SS/TA ratio, ascorbic acid, carotenoids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds and DPPH inhibition, were evaluated after samples were harvested. However, increasing concentrations of N adversely affected the acidity and led to an increase in the SS/TA ratio. Increasing the N concentration also reduced the content of bioactive compounds. excluding carotenoids, which consequently impaired antioxidant activity.Keywords: Solanum lycopersicum L.. Bioactive compounds. Antioxidant capacity. Ammonium. Nitrate. QUALIDADE E ATIVIDADE ANTIOXIDANTE DE TOMATE CULTIVADO SOB DIFERENTES FONTES E DOSES DE NITROGÊNIORESUMO -O tomate é um importante componente da dieta humana, pois é rico em sais minerais e compostos antioxidante que sequestram os radicais livres presentes nas células do organismo, evitando vários distúrbios na saúde humana. O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de fontes e doses de nitrogênio sobre a capacidade antioxidante e a qualidade físico-química dos frutos do tomateiro. O experimento foi realizado na cidade de Vitória da conquista -BA, no campo experimental da Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições em esquema fatorial 3 × 3 + 1 (testemunha), totalizando 40 parcelas. Os tratamentos foram compostos por três fontes de Nitrogênio (nitrato de cálcio, ureia e sulfato de amônio) e três doses (140, 280 e 420 kg ha -1 ). Após a colheita foram avaliados os atributos da qualidade do fruto: firmeza, pH, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, ratio, ácido ascórbico, DPPH, compostos fenólicos, carotenoides, flavonóides. Os níveis crescentes de N influenciaram negativamente nos conteúdos de acidez titulável, por outro lado, proporcionou aumento na relação SS/AT. Os incrementos de N também reduziram o conteúdo de compostos bioativos, exceto carotenoide, consequentemente prejudicou a atividade antioxidante.

Physical-chemical quality and bioactive compounds of red bell pepper, under soil cover and fertilization

“…Values found in this study are higher than those obtained by Pedó et al (2014) who, evaluating the physicochemical characterization of sweet cultivar bell peppers submitted to different sources and organic fertilizer dosages, obtained values of 14.27; 11.78 and 12.08 mg g -1 of carotenoids. Porto et al (2016), when evaluating the quality and antioxidant activity of tomatoes grown under different sources and doses of nitrogen, found an increase from 3.33 to 4.47 g of 100 g -1 in the carotenoid content, when the N doses were elevated from 0 to 420 kg ha -1 .…”

“…Content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of bell pepper fruits are of great relevance, thus accentuating its nutraceutical potential, a factor interconnected with the development of the plant grown in an environment favorable to a balanced fertilization. Porto et al (2016), describe that when there is a reduction in the ascorbic acid levels, in the flavonoids concentration, in the phenolic compounds content and in the antioxidant activity, the functional quality of the fruits is impaired.…”

Selection of promissory crops of wild cherry-type tomatoes using physicochemical parameters and antioxidant contents

“…In this sense, the values obtained can also differ depending on the type of extraction and quantification. The method used for this study through a spectrophotometry is considered easy, economical and fast (D'Souza et al 1992;Aguirre and Cabrera 2012;Kavitha et al 2014;Zouari et al 2014;Porto et al 2016;Del Giudice et al 2017), and is generally useful when associated with other parameters for a group analysis. Nevertheless, these measurements can be done through diverse techniques, many of them reported for tomato or related subproducts.…”

Alimentos funcionales: avances de aplicación en agroindustria

“…Estos compuestos ayudan a inhibir de forma natural la inflamación de la mucosa intestinal (Hoensch y Oertel, 2015). Según Porto et al (2016), la exposición a la luz induce la producción de flavonoides en las frutas que, junto con los carotenoides, son pigmentos vegetales que protegen al organismo de los rayos UV; se encuentran, por ejemplo, en la cáscara del tomate. Kunrath et al, (2017) comprobaron una de las funciones principales de los flavonoides, al realizar un recubrimiento de propóleo a bajas concentraciones a un salami, y evaluar su acción antioxidante al inhibir la oxidación de lípidos presentes en este alimento.…”