Sentimentos de Pacientes em Cuidados Paliativos sobre Modificações Corporais Ocasionadas pelo Câncer

Abstract

Resumo Atualmente verifica-se uma alteração no perfil de morbimortalidade brasileiro. Diminuem as mortes por doenças infectocontagiosas e aumentam as mortes por doenças crônico-degenerativas, como o câncer. O diagnóstico de câncer representa a possibilidade de morte, que para alguns configura-se como realidade, não sendo raro que pacientes oncológicos estejam sob Cuidados Paliativos (CP). CP são uma abordagem que busca melhorar a qualidade de vida de pacientes e famílias que enfrentam uma doença ameaçadora da vida. Adoecimento e tratamento oncológico trazem intensa mudança no corpo e vida do paciente. Considerando que tais modificações podem ser causa de sofrimento, este estudo investiga efeitos psicológicos das modificações corporais decorrentes do adoecimento oncológico em pacientes sob CP. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória de caráter qualitativo. Foram entrevistados quatro pacientes com diagnóstico de câncer internados numa enfermaria de CP. As entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas, a análise dos dados baseou-se na análise do discurso. O discurso dos sujeitos evidencia que as mudanças corporais são potenciais geradoras de sofrimento, configurando-se também como disparadores para o tema da finitude. O estigma negativo ligado ao câncer também aparece, sendo que os CP recebidos contribuíram para o resgate da subjetividade dos entrevistados. Assim, este estudo sugere que a vivência do câncer no corpo repercute numa perda para além da física, numa perda de si. Sendo que, a incorporação das modificações corporais possibilita a reconstrução da visão que o paciente tem de si e este processo é facilitado pelo encontro intersubjetivo do paciente com os profissionais que cuidam singularmente dele.

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