Human leptospirosis in the municipality of São Paulo, SP, Brazil: distribution and trend according to sociodemographic factors, 2007–2016

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to describe the incidence and proportional lethality of human leptospirosis in the municipality of São Paulo, between 2007 and 2016, according to sociodemographic factors and characteristics of the disease, and to assess the temporal trends of incidence, according to age group and region of residence. Methods: Proportional distributions of leptospirosis cases of residents in the municipality were built and regression models with a Binomial Negative response were adjusted. Results: 2,201 cases of leptospirosis were registered, most of them being males (82%), aged between 20 to 59 years (64.6%), white (39%) or brown (32.8%), residing in the South (27.8%), East (23.8%) and North (18.5%) regions. The overall lethality was 15.1%. The risk was higher in the 20 to 59 age group. There was a downward trend in incidence in all age groups and regions, estimated at 5.6% per year. Conclusions: Despite the downward trend in incidence, leptospirosis is a serious disease with high lethality, affecting mainly male individuals in the age groups considered economically active and living in the peripheral regions of the municipality

One health approach on serosurvey of anti-Leptospira spp. in homeless persons and their dogs in South Brazil

“…Furthermore, São Paulo City alone presented 2201 cases in a 10-year period (2007–2016) survey, mostly in males (82%), aged 20 to 59 years (65%), living in urban areas (86%), under flooding (39%) and in contact with rodents (36%) [ 18 ]. Interestingly, homeless persons in this study were also mostly males (88%), aged 31 to 50 years (41%), and reported contact with rats (39%).…”

“…Interestingly, homeless persons in this study were also mostly males (88%), aged 31 to 50 years (41%), and reported contact with rats (39%). However, the westside region, where homeless in this study were sampled, has already presented the lowest overall leptospirosis frequency (7%) when compared to south (28%), east (24%) and north (19%) city regions [ 18 ]. Similarly, another study with 2000 interviews of homeless persons in São Paulo city have shown mostly men (86%), aged between 31 and 49 years (51%) [ 19 ], with over a half sleeping on streets instead shelters [ 20 ].…”

Clinico epidemiological study of human leptospirosis in hilly area of South India-A population based case control study

“…People living in tropical and subtropical countries are most affected with human leptospirosis where factors like environmental conditions, social, and cultural practices favors its transmission in addition to scarcity of resources for prompt diagnosis and treatment of cases. [ 5 ]…”

Epidemiological Profile of Leptospirosis Cases in Brazil From 2015 to 2019

“…Leptospirosis is characterized as an acute febrile infectious disease of immediate compulsory notification, which can affect human beings and animals. It is transmitted through exposure to the urine of infected animals, mainly rats, by the bacteria of the genus Leptospira sp, which penetrates the human body through lesions on the skin or mucous membranes (DIZ and CONCEIÇÃO, 2021).…”