Background: Leptospirosis is the most common zoonotic disease in the world affecting both animals and humans. Environmental, occupational, and sociocultural practices which vary from region to region favors the disease transmission in addition to lacunas in prompt diagnosis and treatment of cases. There are limited data on the seroprevalence of this neglected tropical disease in India. To assess the risk factors associated with Lepospirosis disease. Materials and Methods: A population-based case control study was conducted in Kodagu district of southern India from January 2022 to March 2022. Of the 74 confirmed cases during the year 2021, 70 cases and 140 age group and gender-matched controls participated in the study. Data were collected by using semi-structured questionnaire containing details of sociodemographic, occupational, and environmental factors. The collected data were coded and exported to STATA (16.1) and analyzed by univariate and multivaiariate logistic regression to identify significant risk factors. Results: Environmental factors such as flooding or collection of water near the house (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] = 4.9, confidence interval [CI]: 1.4-17.0), proximity to an open sewer (aOR = 4.9, CI: 1.2-19.1) and occupational factors such as presence of skin cuts or abrasion during work (aOR = 4, CI: 1.4-11.6), direct contact with mud or water during work (aOR = 9.7, CI: 3.3-27.7), animal farming (aOR = 3.4, CI: 1.0-11.6), presence of rodents in the house (aOR = 4, CI: 1.2-12.6), and presence of rodent habitats like grain storage area (aOR = 3.5, CI: 1.1-11.0) were significantly associated with leptospirosis. Conclusion: Leptospirosis poses a potential public health problem in the district. Interventions like prompt diagnosis and treatment, sensitization programs, and rodent control measures will significantly control this neglected tropical disease.
Background and aims: A case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was identified first in Wuhan, China in December 2019. To prevent the rampant spread of COVID-19, the behavioral change of people was crucial. This study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward COVID-19 among college-degree students in the southern district of India. Methods: A cross-sectional, online study was conducted from January to February 2021 among 400 college-degree students. Snowball sampling technique was adopted for collecting data using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data were entered in Excel and analyzed using Epi Info version 7.2. Results: Out of 400 participants, 107 (26.75%) were male and 293 (73.25%) were female. Out of all the men in the study, 107 (100%) had good knowledge regarding COVID-19 infection, whereas 276 (94.2%) of women had good and 17 (5.8%) had average knowledge (P<0.01). A total of 262 (89.4%) and 31 (10.6%) women had a positive attitude and neutral attitude toward COVID-19 infection, respectively, whereas in men, the majority (86, 80.4%) had a positive, followed by (14, 13.1%) negative and (7, 6.5%) had neutral attitude (P<0.001). All the students 400 (100%) had good practice 400 (100%) regarding COVID-19 infection. Conclusion: The male students had better knowledge about COVID-19 infection, but the positive attitude towards COVID-19 was higher among women. The practice regarding COVID-19 infection was satisfactory among all the students.
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