Biomass of sugar-apple seedlings under saline water irrigation in substrate with polymer

Abstract

Application of saline water causes water and salt stress, changing the behavior of the plants. The aim of this work was to evaluate the accumulation and allocation of biomass in sugar-apple seedlings under frequencies of irrigation with saline water in a substrate with soil conditioner, as well as the effect of container volume. The treatments were obtained from the arrangement between polymer doses (0, 0.2, 0.6, 1.0 and 1.2 g dm-3) and electrical conductivity of irrigation water (0.3; 1.1; 2.7; 4.3 and 5.0 dS m-1), associated with irrigation frequencies (daily and alternated), plus two additional treatments to evaluate container volume (0.75 and 1.30 dm3), distributed in blocks. The evaluations were performed at 120 days after sowing. Irrigation frequency affected the variables, and the highest values were obtained with daily irrigation, except for root/shoot dry matter ratio. Increase in the electrical conductivity of the irrigation water inhibited biomass accumulation. The effect of the container was significant for daily irrigation; higher volume led to higher root, shoot and total biomass. Polymer doses did not affect the biomass of the seedlings. Daily irrigation with non-saline water favored biomass production in sugar-apple seedlings. In the production of sugar-apple seedlings, water with electrical conductivity below 1.0 dS m-1 should be used on a daily frequency of application in 1.30 dm3 containers.

Phosphorus Increases K+ in the Shoot and Improves Salinity Tolerance in Sweetsop Seedlings

“…Although the use of saline water may be an alternative in regions that suffer from water scarcity, its use interferes negatively with the growth and development of sweetsop (Silva et al 2018) since salinity (4 dS m −1 ) reduces chlorophylls a and b, and consequently the quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Figueiredo et al 2019).…”

Allometry and morphophysiology of papaya seedlings in a substrate with polymer under irrigation with saline water

“…However, Sá et al (2013b), when evaluating papaya seedlings, observed a reduction in the leaf area ratio with the increase of the electrical conductivity of the irrigation water, although considering only the shoot dry mass in the calculation of this index, which may justify possible distinctions. As for the leaf mass ratio in sweet apple seedlings, Silva et al (2018b) observed no effects of the electrical conductivity of the irrigation water.…”

“…The increase in the electrical conductivity of the irrigation water may change the allocation of biomass in seedlings, reflecting a possible adaptation of the plants to salt stresses. In papaya (Sá et al, 2013a) and sweet apple seedlings (Silva et al, 2018b) it was possible to verify reductions in the dry biomass of shoot and roots, although without compromising allocation, whereas in Nascimento Neto et al (2020) Allometry and morphophysiology of papaya... yellow passion fruit seedlings a greater sensitivity to salinity was observed regarding the accumulation of biomass in the root system to the detriment of the shoot part (Bezerra et al, 2014). However, Sá et al (2013b) (Sá et al, 2013a, b), yellow passion fruit (Bezerra et al, 2014), and sweet apple (Silva et al, 2018b), results in lower root density, and this effect can be mitigated with a higher irrigation frequency (Figure 3).…”

“…The increase in the irrigation frequency tends to favor the accumulation of mass in the roots of seedlings (Carvalho et al, 2013;Silva et al, 2018b), even under saline conditions, considering that it favors the dilution and/or leaching of salts. The incorporation of the polymer in the substrate can also stimulate the improvement in wateruse efficiency, allowing a reduced irrigation frequency without compromising the accumulation of mass in the roots (Carvalho et al, 2013).…”

Physiology in Talisia esculenta seedlings under irrigation with saline water on substrate with hydrogel

“…This decrease, as observed in Jatropha curcas seedlings, Irrigation frequency E Among the consequences of reducing the frequency of irrigation, we can mention the lower water content in the substrate (Felippe et al, 2019). This decrease, as observed in Jatropha curcas seedlings, provides a loss in leaf water potential, as it changes the concentrations of solutes such as carbohydrates, proteins, and amino acids in both roots and leaves (Moura, Nogueira, Silva, & Lima, 2016), as well as reducing gas exchange in T. esculenta (Figure 1) and in Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden (Felippe et al, 2019), and consequently decreased the accumulation and allocation of biomass as recorded in A. squamosa (A. R. Silva et al, 2018a).…”