Radiopacity and cytotoxicity of Portland cement associated with niobium oxide micro and nanoparticles

Abstract

Objective Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) is composed of Portland Cement (PC) and bismuth oxide (BO). Replacing BO for niobium oxide (NbO) microparticles (Nbµ) or nanoparticles (Nbη) may improve radiopacity and bioactivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiopacity and cytotoxicity of the materials: 1) PC; 2) White MTA; 3) PC+30% Nbµ; 4) PC+30% Nbη.Material and Methods For the radiopacity test, specimens of the different materials were radiographed along an aluminum step-wedge. For cell culture assays, Saos-2 osteoblastic-cells (ATCC HTB-85) were used. Cell viability was evaluated through MTT assay, and bioactivity was assessed by alkaline phosphatase activity assay.Results The results demonstrated higher radiopacity for MTA, followed by Nbµ and Nbη, which had similar values. Cell culture analysis showed that PC and PC+NbO associations promoted greater cell viability than MTA.Conclusions It was concluded that the combination of PC+NbO is a potential alternative for composition of MTA.

Bioactivity of MTA Plus, Biodentine and an experimental calcium silicate‐based cement on human osteoblast‐like cells

“…CSC + Nb 2 O 5 had increased ALP activity compared with MTA, demonstrating mineralization potential (Mestieri et al . ).…”

“…Mestieri et al . () showed CSC + Nb 2 O 5 had stable Saos‐2 cell viability and stimulation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity after 7 days of material exposure in a different study. CSC + Nb 2 O 5 had increased ALP activity compared with MTA, demonstrating mineralization potential (Mestieri et al .…”

Radiopacity of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate with and without Inclusion of Silver Nanoparticles

“…It is known that dentin of 1 mm thickness is equivalent to an 1 mm aluminum scale, meaning that the material should have a radiopacity of at least 3 mm Al. 13,[18][19][20] Although these specifications are actually for sealers, they are an equivalence based on the fact that both materials will be in contact with periodontal and periapical tissues under clinical conditions. 18 The aluminum step-wedge is widely used to measure the radiopacity of the material and its measurement made through digital software minimizes potential errors due to visual acuity.…”

Improving the Radiopacity of Calcium Aluminate Cement Based Blends

“…ISO 6876/2001 standards established that endodontic filling materials should present radiopacity higher than 3.0 mm Al. According to ANSI/ADA, endodontic cements should be at least 2.0 mm Al more radiopaque than dentin or bone 7 .…”