All materials had suitable biocompatibility and bioactivity. The MTA P, BIO and CSCR ZrO groups had the highest viability rates and velocity of proliferation whilst the CSCR Nb O group produced more mineralized nodules.

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Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) is a calcium silicate-based material. New sealers have been developed based on calcium silicate as MTA Fillapex and MTA Plus. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate biocompatibility and bioactivity of these two calcium silicate-based sealers in culture of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs).Material and Methods The cells were isolated from third molars extracted from a 16-year-old patient. Pulp tissue was sectioned into fragments with approximately 1 mm3 and kept in supplemented medium to obtain hDPCs adherent cultures. Cell characterization assays were performed to prove the osteogenic potential. The evaluated materials were: MTA Plus (MTAP); MTA Fillapex (MTAF) and FillCanal (FC). Biocompatibility was evaluated with MTT and Neutral Red (NR) assays, after hDPCs exposure for 24 h to different dilutions of each sealer extract (1:2, 1:3 and 1:4). Unexposed cells were the positive control (CT). Bioactivity was assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymatic assay in cells exposed for one and three days to sealer extracts (1:4 dilution). All data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey post-test (p≤0.05%).Results MTT and NR results showed suitable cell viability rates for MTAP at all dilutions (90-135%). Cells exposed to MTAF and FC (1:2 and 1:4 dilutions) showed significant low viability rate when compared to CT in MTT. The NR results demonstrated cell viability for all materials tested. In MTAP group, the cells ALP activity was similar to CT in one and three days of exposure to the material. MTAF and FC groups demonstrated a decrease in ALP activity when compared to CT at both periods of cell exposure.Conclusions The hDPCs were suitable for the evaluation of new endodontic materials in vitro. MTAP may be considered a promising material for endodontic treatments.

AgNPs-PVA and FAR showed low cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, and exhibit potential for use as a final endodontic irrigation protocols.

Aim To evaluate the effect of MTA and Biodentine on viability, osteogenic differentiation and BMP-2 expression in osteogenic cells. Methodology Saos-2 cells were used as a model of osteoblastic cells. Overexpression of BMP-2 was induced by transfection of a CMV-driven plasmid construct including the human BMP-2 coding sequence, and stably transfected cells were selected. Cell viability was assessed by the mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzymatic (MTT) assay. The bioactivity of the materials was evaluated by the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and detection of calcium deposits with alizarin red staining (ARS). The gene expression of BMP-2 and ALP was quantified with real-time PCR. Statistical analysis was performed with analysis of variance and Bonferroni or Tukey post-test (a = 0.05). Results Viability tests revealed that MTA and Biodentine were not cytotoxic at the higher dilution (1 : 8) to BMP-2-transfected cells. MTA and Biodentine exhibited the highest ALP activity when compared to the Saos-BMP-2-unexposed control group (P < 0.05). Cell exposure to Biodentine and MTA had a significant stimulatory effect on the formation of mineralized nodules (P < 0.05). The highest increase in BMP-2 gene expression was observed after 3 days of BMP-2-transfected cells exposure to MTA and Biodentine in non-osteogenic medium in relation to Saos-BMP-2-unexposed control cells (P < 0.05). Exposure of cells to MTA in osteogenic medium for 1 day increased ALP gene expression by approximately 1.3-fold in relation to Saos-BMP-2-unexposed control cells (P < 0.05). Conclusions Both MTA and Biodentine showed biocompatibility and bioactivity in Saos-BMP-2 overexpressing cells. Biodentine had a significantly greater effect on mineralization than MTA. Both MTA and Biodentine enhanced BMP-2 mRNA expression in the transfected system. Both MTA and Biodentine are suitable materials to improve osteoblastic cell mineralization.