Cardiovascular and Strength Adaptations in Concurrent Training in Hypertensive Women

Abstract

Introduction Physical exercise has been recommended as a non-pharmacological strategy for preventing and controlling hypertension. Objective To verify chronic cardiovascular and muscle strength adaptations in hypertensive women who underwent 12 weeks of concurrent training (CT) in different orders. Methods Twenty hypertensive women were randomly assigned into 2 groups: resistance exercise-endurance group (REE; 56.00 ± 5.20 years; 78.95 ± 8.28 kg; 155.10 ± 5.30 cm; 33.00 ± 5.30 kg.m-2) and endurance-resistance exercise group (ERE; 57.10 ± 13.38 years; 76.56 ± 18.87 kg; 155.50 ± 8.18 cm; 31.41 ± 5.84 kg.m-2). The endurance exercise was composed of 3 sets of 4 exercises, with 8-RM loads with a 90-second break between sets and exercises. The resistance exercise lasted for 25 minutes and was of progressive intensity. Muscle strength (8-RM), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and double product were assessed pre- and post-exercise. Results The ANOVA showed significant increases in strength for all exercises (p <0.0001) regardless of the order of the concurrent training (bench press, p = 0.680; leg press, p = 0.244; seated row, p = 0.668; and leg extension, p = 0.257). No significant differences in systolic (p = 0.074) and diastolic blood pressures (p = 0.064) were observed for different CT conditions. However, significant reductions in systolic (p = 0.0001) and diastolic blood pressures (p = 0.006) and double product (p = 0.006) only occurred in the REE group. Conclusion Endurance training and resistance exercise promote significant muscle strength gains after 12 weeks of training regardless of CT order in hypertensive women. Beneficial cardiovascular responses (SBP, DBP, and RPP) were also observed when endurance training was initiated. Level of evidence I; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating Treatment Outcomes.

Physical Exercise as a Physiological Modulator of Improving Cardiovascular Health in Obese Women

“…The improvement in cardiovascular health is the effect of exercise adaptation in increasing the promoting increased vasodilation through relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Given this effect, it is important to decrease the activity of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS), which contributes to blood pressure (Ramos et al, 2019). Resting heart rate and blood pressure were lower than the control group and before exercise, this shows that exercise is able to modulate changes in the heart system, both in form and function, thereby improving cardiovascular health.…”

“…However, other experts stated that the approach with drugs (pharmacology) in the long term is still considered less than ideal (Almutawa et al, 2020). Meanwhile, other experts stated that the approach with physical exercise was more appropriate and physiological to improve heart health in the long term (Ramos et al, 2019) and physical exercise is also considered an effective codulation not only for heart health, but also for improving cardiac performance (Durrani & Fatima, 2015). Physical exercise, is a modulation associated with the level of energy expenditure, decreased fat mass and increased skeletal muscle mass as well as heart muscle (Saeidi et al, 2022;Rejeki et al, 2021).…”

Acute hemodynamic responses are not different for mono and multiarticular exercises for the same muscle group

“…There are variables that, when measured, can establish a good relationship with the level of health (Fletcher et al, 2018) among these variables, we can highlight those that make up the cardiovascular system as blood pressure (BP) (Farinatti & Assis, 2000), heart rate (HR) (Leite & Farinatti, 2003) and the double product (SD) (Paccini et al, 2007;Polito et al, 2004). It is well established that the regular practice of resistance training leads to a favorable impact on the behavior of blood pressure (Araújo et al, 2018), both in the short and long term, due to a sequence of neurohormonal adjustments such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone regulation and sites that generate the reduction in cardiac output values and peripheral vascular resistance (Ramos et al, 2019). Blood pressure is one of the most important indicators of cardiovascular health (Sant' Ana et al, 2020).…”

Treinamento concorrente como método de desenvolvimento de força e motricidade global em um paciente autista

“…, afirma que o treinamento possibilita a realização de inúmeros exercícios visando os objetivos e as particularidades de cada sujeito.Logo, a atividade física deve ser personalizada de modo que as atividades sejam planejadas e adaptadas conforme as necessidades do paciente(NEUMANN, et al, 2016). Desse modo pode-se afirmar que o TC pode ser adaptado para qualquer sujeito, além de causar adaptações, proporcionando benefícios na força e resistência cardiorrespiratória (RAMOS, et al, 2019). Sendo necessário compreender as limitações que os sujeitos com TEA podem encontrar no decorrer das atividades, mesmo que para pessoas típicas sejam atividades simples (HAMM; YUN, 2017).…”