Improved antimelanogenesis and antioxidant effects of polysaccharide from Cuscuta chinensis Lam seeds after enzymatic hydrolysis

Abstract

Cuscuta chinensis polysaccharide (CPS) was extracted using hot water and enzymatically hydrolyzed C. chinensis polysaccharide (ECPS) was produced by the mannase enzymatic hydrolysis process. The purpose of this research was to investigate the antimelanogenic activity of ECPS and CPS in B16F10 melanoma cells. The in vitro antioxidant activity was assessed by their ferric iron reducing power and DPPH free radical scavenging activities. The molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides was determined using SEC-MALLS-RI. CPS was successfully enzymatically degraded using mannase and the weighted average molecular weights of CPS and ECPS were 434.6 kDa and 211.7 kDa. The results of biological activity assays suggested that the enzymatically hydrolyzed polysaccharide had superior antimelanogenic activity and antioxidant effect than the original polysaccharide. ECPS exhibited antimelanogenic activity by down-regulating the expression of tyrosinase, MITF, and TRP-1 without cytotoxic effects in B16F10 melanoma cells. In conclusion, ECPS have the potential to become a skin whitening product.

Anti-Melanogenesis, Antioxidant and Anti-Tyrosinase Activities of Scabiosa columbaria L.

“…Tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1) play a major role in melanogenesis pathways [23]. Activation of tyrosinase and TRP-1 enhances melanocyte inducing transcription factor (MITF) protein expression, which in turn causes the increase of melanin synthesis [24]. It could be deduced from this study that S. columbaria has the potential to attenuate overproduction of melanin and hyperpigmentation in skin cells.…”

Melanogenesis Inhibitors from the Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus amstelodami

“…The mother liquor was fractionated over CC (SiO 2 , hexane/AcOEt 100 : 0 to 0 : 100, then AcOEt/ MeOH 100:0 to 75 : 25) to afford 13 fractions (Frs. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]…”

Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharide Enzymatic Hydrolysate Suppresses the Growth of Human Colon Cancer Cells via Inducing Apoptosis

“…Low molecular weight polysaccharide could overcome these problems. Previous researches have reported that enzymatically degraded polysaccharide possesses higher antioxidative, antimelanogenesis, and moisture-preserving activities than the crude polysaccharide 10 , 12 . Besides, increasing evidence has shown that low molecular weight polysaccharide exerts anticancer effects toward different tumors, such as ovarian cancer, colon cancer, and prostate cancer 13 .…”

“…Polysaccharides are the main active components of G. lucidum and exert a wide range of pharmacological activities, including immunomodulation, anticolon carcinoma, and antioxidation effects 8 , 9 . The pharmacological activities of polysaccharides are closely related to their molecular structures, including sulfate content, viscosity, average molecular weight, and monosaccharide proportion 10 . High molecular weights, structural complexity, and viscous properties of crude polysaccharides may hinder their clinical application, particularly as therapeutic agents 11 .…”

“…According to the literature, there are several chemical and physical ways to hydrolyze the crude polysaccharide, such as oxidative degradation, ultrasonic degradation, and enzymatic degradation 14 , 15 . Among them, enzymatic degradation is an effective way for high selectivity and substrate specificity, which could produce a well-defined structure of polysaccharide 10 . As far as we know, little research on the anticolon cancer effect of the enzymatically hydrolyzed G. lucidum polysaccharide (EGLP) has been conducted.…”