<i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> Polysaccharide Enzymatic Hydrolysate Suppresses the Growth of Human Colon Cancer Cells via Inducing Apoptosis

Bai, Jing; Xu, Jian; Zhao, Jian; Zhang, Rui

doi:10.1177/0963689720931435

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Several literature reports reported that Ganoderma lucidum extract could directly inhibit tumors in nude mice with T cell deficiency: The triterpenoids derived from ethanol extracts of sporoderm-broken spores of G. lucidum effectively suppressed CRC carcinogenesis by inducing apoptosis, inhibiting migration through downregulation of MMP-1 and MMP-2, upregulating E-cadherin expression, and promoting cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase; 33 Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides inhibited autophagic flux and led to apoptosis of tumor cells (HCT116) via MAPK/ERK activation; 4 Enzymatically hydrolyzed G. lucidum polysaccharide can potentially induce apoptosis in HCT-116 human colon cancer cells by upregulating phospho-extracellular regulated protein kinases (P-ERK), cleaved caspase-3 expression, and BCL-2 associated X protein (Bax), while downregulating cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2), phospho-serine/ threonine kinase 1 (p-Akt1), and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) expression. 34 These differences may be due to differences in the dose of GLP, tumor cell origin, and mouse models. This also suggests that the inhibitory effect of GLP on tumor cells may require a longer treatment time to be achieved, and in the early stages of treatment, T-cell immunity plays a role.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…lucidum effectively suppressed CRC carcinogenesis by inducing apoptosis, inhibiting migration through downregulation of MMP-1 and MMP-2, upregulating E-cadherin expression, and promoting cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase; Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides inhibited autophagic flux and led to apoptosis of tumor cells (HCT116) via MAPK/ERK activation; Enzymatically hydrolyzed G. lucidum polysaccharide can potentially induce apoptosis in HCT-116 human colon cancer cells by upregulating phospho-extracellular regulated protein kinases (P-ERK), cleaved caspase-3 expression, and BCL-2 associated X protein (Bax), while downregulating cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2), phospho-serine/threonine kinase 1 (p-Akt1), and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) expression . These differences may be due to differences in the dose of GLP, tumor cell origin, and mouse models.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharide Supplementation Significantly Activates T-Cell-Mediated Antitumor Immunity and Enhances Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy Efficacy in Colorectal Cancer

Li,

Zhou,

et al. 2024

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) is a prebiotic with immunomodulatory effects. However, the therapeutic potential of GLP in tumor immunotherapy has not been fully explored, especially in T cell-mediated antitumor immunity. In this study, we found that GLP significantly inhibited tumor growth and activated antitumor immunity in colorectal cancer (CRC). In the spleens and tumor tissues, the proportion of cytotoxic CD8 + T cells and Th1 helper cells increased, while immunosuppressive Tregs decreased. Additionally, microbiota dysbiosis was alleviated by GLP, and short-chain fatty acid production was increased. Meanwhile, GLP decreased the ratio of kynurenine and tryptophan (Kyn/Trp) in the serum, which contributed to antitumor immunity of T cells. More importantly, the combination of GLP and the immune checkpoint inhibitor anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody further enhanced the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Thus, GLP as a prebiotic has the potential to be used in tumor immunotherapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharide Supplementation Significantly Activates T-Cell-Mediated Antitumor Immunity and Enhances Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy Efficacy in Colorectal Cancer

Li,

Zhou,

et al. 2024

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…However, how GLP5 induces the changes of expression of these apoptosis-related genes needs to be further elucidated. In human colon cancer, polysaccharide hydrolysate derived from G. lucidum could induce apoptosis to suppress the growth of cells by upregulating Bax, phospho-extracellular regulated protein kinases (P-ERK), and cleaved caspase-3 and downregulating Bcl-2, phospho-serine/threonine kinase 1 (p-Akt1), and cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) (Bai et al, 2020). On other hand, polysaccharide extracted from G. lucidum may enhance the activity of NK cells to activate DNAX-associated protein 10/phosphoinositide 3-kinase/extracellular regulated protein kinases to mediate its cytotoxicity (Yang.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide inhibits the proliferation of leukemic cells through apoptosis

Zhong

Huang

Mao³

et al. 2022

Acta Biochim Pol

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Objective: To investigate the cytotoxic effect of polysaccharides derived from Ganoderma lucidum on T lymphocyte leukemia cells. Methods: Water-soluble polysaccharides were extracted from the fruit bodies of G. lucidum, purified, and characterized using HPGPC-MALLS and NMR. The cytotoxicity of G. lucidum polysaccharide fraction 5 (GLP5) to T lymphocyte leukemia cell line Jurkat and human immortalized epidermal cell line HaCat was assessed using MTT assay. Apoptosis was assessed using flow cytometry. Expressions of apoptosis-related genes in the cells after being exposed to GLP5 were detected using Western blot assay.Results: GLP5 was a β-(1→3) and β-(1→6) linked glucan. It inhibited the proliferation of Jurkat cells in a concentration-dependent manner and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 34.5 mg/L but did not suppress the growth of HaCat cells. Apoptotic cells in Jurkat cells were detected to increase with increasing GLP5 concentrations. The expression levels of cleaved caspase-3 were significantly higher after the cells were exposed to 25 and 50 mg/L GLP5 when compared to non-exposed cells (Control). In addition, the expression levels of BAX and Bcl2 were significantly up- and down-regulated after treatment with GLP5 at 25 and 50 mg/L when compared with control (P<0.05), respectively.Conclusions: GLP5 has antiproliferative activity against Jurkat cells and the activity is likely mediated through the activation of apoptosis pathways.

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“…GLP might severe as a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of cancer with mutant p53. Enzymatically hydrolyzed GLP (EGLP) showed cytotoxic activities against CRC cells ( Bai et al, 2020 ). EGLP enhanced CRC cell apoptosis by upregulating Bax, p-ERK and cleaved caspase-3 and downregulating Bcl-2, phosphorylated Akt1 (p-Akt1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2).…”

Section: The Antitumor Activities Of Polysaccharides From G...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress on the Anticancer Activities and Mechanisms of Polysaccharides From Ganoderma

Wang

2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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Cancer ranks as a primary reason for death worldwide. Conventional anticancer therapies can cause severe side effects, and thus natural products may be promising drug candidates for cancer therapy. Accumulating evidence has verified the prominent anticancer properties of Ganoderma polysaccharides, suggesting that Ganoderma polysaccharides may be effective chemopreventive agents of natural origin. Based on their abilities to prevent cancer development by regulating the DNA damage response, cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, host immunity, gut microbiota and therapeutic sensitivity, there has been increasing interest in elucidating the clinical implication of Ganoderma polysaccharides in cancer therapy. In this review, we summarize recent findings pertaining to the roles of bioactive polysaccharides from Ganoderma in cancer pathogenesis, discuss the multifarious mechanisms involved and propose future directions for research. A more sophisticated understanding of the anticancer benefits of Ganoderma polysaccharides will be helpful for improving current treatments and developing novel therapeutic interventions for human malignancies.

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Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharide Enzymatic Hydrolysate Suppresses the Growth of Human Colon Cancer Cells via Inducing Apoptosis

Cited by 14 publications

References 34 publications

Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharide Supplementation Significantly Activates T-Cell-Mediated Antitumor Immunity and Enhances Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy Efficacy in Colorectal Cancer

Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharide Supplementation Significantly Activates T-Cell-Mediated Antitumor Immunity and Enhances Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy Efficacy in Colorectal Cancer

Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide inhibits the proliferation of leukemic cells through apoptosis

Research Progress on the Anticancer Activities and Mechanisms of Polysaccharides From Ganoderma

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