The composition of the essential oil of the fruits, leaves and stems of Daucus glaber Forssk has been studied by GC/MS. It was found that, the essential oil of the fruits consists of monoterpene hydrocarbons (limonene and sylvestrene are the majors) and phenylpropanoids (elemicin is the major). Sylvestrene has never been reported before in the essential oil of any Daucus species. The study of the essential oil of the leaves revealed the presence of monoterpene hydrocarbons; limonene and γ-terpinene are the majors and a small amount of sylvestrene. The essential oil of stems consists of monoterpene hydrocarbons (γ-terpinene is the major), terpene alcohols (mainly 4-terpineol) and phenylpropanoids (myristicin and elemicin are the majors). It is interesting that, the essential oil of the fruits is free from any oxygenated terpenes while that of the stems is free from limonene and sylvestrene which are present in the essential oil of the fruits and leaves in fairly large amounts. The essential oil of the fruits, leaves and stems shows broad antimicrobial activities against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. In addition, the volatile oil of the stem, particularly, show activities against Candida albicans (yeast). Also, the prepared oils have variable cytotoxic activities with LC50 21.52, 36.01 and 42.34 μrg/ml. respectively.
Six new sesquiterpene lactone esters, daucoguaianolactones A–F (1–6), and one new sesquiterpene lactone, daucoeudesmanolactone A (7) were isolated from the leaves and stems of Daucus glaber (Forssk.) Thell., along with the known sesquiterpene lactones talasins A and B and badkhysin. The structures of 1–6 were established on the basis of extensive 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopic studies and that of 7 by X‐ray crystallography. Compounds 4, 7, and talasins A and B showed moderate cytotoxicity against P‐388 leukemia cells.
Two new compounds, named 3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl α‐d‐ribofuranoside (1) and 3β‐(β‐d‐glucopyranosyloxy)olean‐12‐ene‐23,28,30‐trioic acid (2), together with thirteen known compounds, were isolated from the white beans culture of the marine derived endophytic fungus Aspergillus amstelodami. Structure elucidation of the new compounds was carried out by one‐, two‐dimensional spectroscopy, and high resolution electrospray ionization mass. The antimelanogenic and anti‐allergic activity of the isolated compounds were investigated. Compounds 4, 7, 1, 3, 11, 6 and 9 selectively suppressed melanin production in B16 melanoma cells, using arbutin as a positive control. Their IC50 values were 30.8±5.57, 38.5±6.08, 52.6±6.64, 98.0±1.16, 100.4±3.05, 112.0±0.22 and 144.7±2.35 μm, respectively, while that of arbutin was 151.7±1.27 μm. The tested compounds did not show any significant anti‐allergic activity in RBL‐2H3 cells, as compared to quercetin.
A new acyclic diterpenoid (1) and a new erythroxan diterpenoid (2), together with 4 erythroxan diterpenoids and 3 triterpenoids, have been isolated from the aerial parts of Fagonia mollis. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR data. The cytotoxic activity of the isolated compounds was investigated against HL-60 cancer cells.
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