Incompatibilidade de enxertia induz aumento da suscetibilidade de cultivares de pessegueiro à Xanthomonas arboricola pv. Pruni

Abstract

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a compatibilidade de enxertia, a suscetibilidade à bacteriose e a frutificação de oito combinações, assim como, a influência da compatibilidade sobre a severidade da doença e a frutificação do pessegueiro. O experimento foi realizado ao nível de campo, sob infecção natural da bactéria, no Centro Agropecuário da Palma, pertencente à FAEM/UFPel, em Capão do Leão-RS. Foram avaliadas as combinações entre as cultivares 'Chimarrita' e Maciel e os porta-enxertos 'Aldrighi', 'Capdeboscq', 'Tsukuba 1' e 'Umezeiro'. O pomar foi implantado em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, sendo cada unidade experimental composta de cinco plantas. Foi avaliada, a compatibilidade de enxertia, o diâmetro do caule, a severidade de dano e o índice de doença, a área foliar e a frutificação. As combinações entre as cultivares 'Chimarrita' e 'Maciel' e o porta-enxerto 'Umezeiro', apresentaram menor compatibilidade de enxertia, maior severidade de dano e índice de bacteriose, além de menor frutificação que as demais. Os resultados obtidos possibilitaram concluir que as combinações 'Chimarrita'/'Umezeiro' e 'Maciel'/'Umezeiro' são incompatíveis, além de, mais suscetíveis à bacteriose e menos produtivas, comparadas às demais. Pode-se dizer também, que a incompatibilidade de enxertia induz maior suscetibilidade das plantas à infecção por bacteriose, resultando em maior severidade da doença e menor frutificação

Growth, yield and fruit quality of Chimarrita peach trees grafted on different rootstocks

“…It may have occurred as a result of the incompatibility of the rootstock and the crown cultivar, which decreases the transport of water and nutrients and reduces the leaf area and the crown volume (Tombesi et al, 2011). Incompatibility between the Umezeiro rootstock and the "Chimarrita" cultivar, besides smaller trunk diameter, was also observed in other regions in Rio Grande do Sul state by Comiotto et al (2013), Galarça et al (2013) and Pereira et al (2015). Regarding plant growth, the trunk diameter of "Chimarrita" peach trees was observed to vary among crops and rootstocks, but in 2014/2015 season, there was no difference among rootstocks.…”

“…Lack of affinity affects plant growth and development, decreases orchard productivity over time and causes the death of adult plants, besides early death (Pereira et al, 2015). Incompatibility has been an important fact in fruit farming; although there is demand for new rootstocks and crowns, the big challenge is to find adapted genetic material which can multiply easily and seedling production which assures longevity and productivity (Comiotto et al, 2013).…”

Peroxidase activity and initial growth of ‘Barbosa’ peach on clonal rootstocks

“…In trees grafted onto 'Rigitano' rootstock, the trunk diameter showed excessive difference between rootstock and scion, with greater thickening at the grafting point. (GALARÇA et al, 2013), which is a fact attributed to a certain degree of graft incompatibility (COMIOTTO et al, 2012;PEREIRA et al, 2015) related to the botanical difference between P. persica and P. mume. Graft point hypertrophy may occur due to different growth rates between scion and rootstock, xylem and phloem formation.…”

A Phenotypic Search on Graft Compatibility in Grapevine

“…Concerning the methods applied to predict graft compatibility, several AC formulas based solely on stem diameter measurements of scion and rootstock have been proposed and applied in vineyards [14,16] and orchards [40], since growth differences above and below the graft union are regarded as a sign of incompatibility [14]. Nevertheless, in this work, the ACs were not suitable predictors to assess graft incompatibility levels of the used graft combinations as they resulted in contradicting conclusions.…”

“…Looking for the early determinants of long-term graft success of different graft combinations, several AC formulas based solely on stem diameter measurements of scion and rootstock have been proposed and applied in vineyards [14,16] and orchards [40], since growth differences above and below the graft union are regarded as a sign of incompatibility [14].…”